Resumen<br /><br />El objetivo del estudio es la evaluación de los efectos de las subvenciones percibidas por lo sectores ganaderos españoles recogidos en la Red Contable Agraria Nacional. El análisis parte de una función de producción tipo Cobb-Douglas, en la que se ha estimado su frontera de producción estocástica, obteniéndose los niveles de ineficiencia respecto al óptimo posible. La base de datos está constituida por un panel de 112 observaciones de datos económicos definitorios de una explotación tipo por cada orientación ganadera para el periodo 1993-2005<br /><br />Abstract<br /><br />The aim of this study is to evaluate the subsidies perceived for the Spanish livestock sectors of the National Farm Accountancy Network. The analysis starts from a Cobb-Douglas function of production, estimating the stochastic frontier and their levels of inefficiency, which have been compared to the optimum. The database is constituted by a data economic panel of 112 observations of a medium farm for the period 1993-2005.

The aim of this research is to expand our knowledge of space-time evolution of mean temperatures at a regional level, for the whole California (United States) over 40 years. This study analyses the relationship between mean temperatures and teleconnection patterns with most influence on the Californian Climate. 170 meteorological stations were used with an observation period that ranged from 1980 to 2019. In order to evaluate the presence or absence of trends, the non-parametric Mann-Kendall test was used. The slope was obtained with a modified Sen’s slope method. The homogeneity of the data from the selected stations was verified. To find out the relationships between temperature and a wide range of teleconnection patterns in California was performed a correlation analysis using the partial non-parametric Spearman Test at a 95% confidence level. Spatial analysis was achieved using Empirical Bayesian Kriging (EBK). During this period, the results show a positive and significant trend annually, monthly and seasonally. Both Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and West Pacific Oscillation (WPO) are related to temperatures in California State during the period studied.

ResumenLa utilización de datos textuales en estudios estadísticos sobre sensometría generalmente se ha realizado tratando de explicar e interpretar los resultados alcanzados a partir de datos cuantitativos. Este trabajo muestra una metodología que permite utilizar datos textuales como elementos activos. Dos catas de vinos ilustran el procedimiento. Palabras clave: Datos textuales; Sensometría; Análisis de Correspondencias; Análisis FactorialMúltiple. AbstractThe use of textual data in statistical studies into sensometric field has been conducted generally seeking to explain and interpret results obtained from quantitative data. This work shows a methodology that allows use textual data as active elements. Two wine tastings illustrate the procedure.

ResumenLa utilización de datos textuales en estudios estadísticos sobre sensometría generalmente se ha realizado tratando de explicar e interpretar los resultados alcanzados a partir de datos cuantitativos. Este trabajo muestra una metodología que permite utilizar datos textuales como elementos activos. Dos catas de vinos ilustran el procedimiento. Palabras clave: Datos textuales; Sensometría; Análisis de Correspondencias; Análisis FactorialMúltiple. AbstractThe use of textual data in statistical studies into sensometric field has been conducted generally seeking to explain and interpret results obtained from quantitative data. This work shows a methodology that allows use textual data as active elements. Two wine tastings illustrate the procedure.

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