The association of enumeration and number comparison capacities with arithmetical competence was examined in a large sample of children from 2nd to 9th grades. It was found that efficiency on numerical capacities predicted separately more than 25% of the variance in the individual differences on a timed arithmetical test, and this occurred for both younger and older learners. These capacities were also significant predictors of individual variations in an untimed curriculum-based math achievement test and on the teacher scores of math performance over developmental time. Based on these findings, these numerical capacities were used for estimating the prevalence and gender ratio of basic numerical deficits and developmental dyscalculia (DD) over the grade range defined above (N = 11,652 children). The extent to which DD affects the population with poor ability on calculation was also examined. For this purpose, the prevalence and gender ratio of arithmetical dysfluency (AD) were estimated in the same cohort. The estimated prevalence of DD was 3.4%, and the male:female ratio was 4:1. However, the prevalence of AD was almost 3 times as high (9.35%), and no gender differences were found (male:female ratio = 1.07:1). Basic numerical deficits affect 4.54% of school-age population and affect more boys than girls (2.4:1). The differences between the corresponding estimates were highly significant (α < .01). Based on these contrastive findings, it is concluded that DD, defined as a defective sense of numerosity, could be a distinctive disorder that affects only a portion of children with AD.

Inventory of Suicide Orientation -ISO 30, it is a self-report scale that measures risk of adolescents suicide orientation. Although the risk of adolescents suicide is on the public agenda in Colombia actually, there is no study to analyze the psychometric properties of ISO 30, and for this reason, the present study is conducted with a random sample of 604 adolescent students (48% were male and 52% female with an average age of 14 and a deviation of 1.9 years). Methods: A confirmatory factor analysis was performed; reliability is checked by the Cronbach's alpha and correlation item-subconstruct to which it belongs; The test-retest reliability and concurrent validity with the RFL-A validated scale in Colombia with teenage school people is verified. AMOS 16.0 and SPSS version 20.0 for data processing was used. Results: this population was confirmed in the same factorial structure of the original scale; so does the internal consistency for the 30 items and the correlation of each item with its own subconstruct: social isolation and marginalization, low self-esteem, inability to manage emotions, suicidal ideation and hopelessness. Conclusion: The Inventory of Suicide Orientation -ISO 30 Spanish version, is a useful questionnaire and appropriate to diagnose the risk of suicidal orientation (which is a prelude to suicidal idea) in the adolescents students people in Medellin city.

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Objectives and Scope of this Study Methodology Population Three populations have been considered for this study, among which the information was collected. The populations are: the companies' users of teleinformation technology, the suppliers of information technology solutions, and the institutions of professional technical and technological formation and training. Plan for the Analysis Twenty-nine secondary sources were consulted and a survey was carried out, directed to IT and communications suppliers and user companies, besides the IT and communication programs offered by the universities and institutions of post -secondary education. ln order to analyze data and synthesize the information, a Factorial Analysis of Multiple Correspondence was made (ACM). Results Five critical factors were identified in the Area

Family dysfunction is a concern of the educational sector in Colombia, adolescents are affected by stressful situations into a family, this leads to having a poor school performance; this paper focuses to identify some mental health factors associated with family dysfunction in school teenagers in 2010. A cross-sectional association study was conducted with a random sample of 1411 high school students between 11 and 19 years old, were used as data collection instrumentsto measure risk suicide, psychoactive substance use, depression, vulnerability and family functioning. Using a logistic regression model, it was identified that the variables that best explain family dysfunction are: the presence of depression, risk in suicidal orientation,and vulnerability in family cohesion, family routines, adolescent's participation in problem solving, communication with mother and father, the feeling of happiness and support adolescents. The research shows that family adversities, the presence of risk of suicidal orientation and the presence of depression, affect the proper functioning of the family schooled teenager.