Spinosyns are new neurotoxins mixtures produced during fermentation of a soil actinomycete that have high activity towards different pests. Spinosyns compounds were represented in Spinosad and its evoluted compound ,Spinetoram ,which were tested for their toxic effects under laboratory conditions against adult females of Aphis gossypii Glover and Tetranychus urticae Koch ,and the fourth instar larvae of Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.)by leaf-dip technique. Spinosad LC50's of A. gossypii , T. urticae and S. littoralis were 30.417,25.982 and 5.379 ppm, respectively but they were 0.596,0.370 and 1.742 ppm,respectively in case of Spinetoram.The superior Spinosyn compounds,Spinetoram gained the best results against piercing-sucking pests compared with Spinosad which was the best against S. littoralis ,so the present histological studies were concerned with Spinetoram.Each pest was treated with its LC50 value. Histological defects after treatments in the neuromuscular nicotinic receptors were detected and discussed.

The journal of Toxicology and pest control is one of the series issued twice by the Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, and is devoted to publication of original papers related to the interaction between insects and their environment. The goal of the journal is to advance the scientific understanding of mechanisms of toxicity. Emphasis will be placed on toxic effects observed at relevant exposures, which have direct impact on safety evaluation and risk assessment. The journal therefore welcomes papers on biology ranging from molecular and cell biology, biochemistry and physiology to ecology and environment, also systematics, microbiology, toxicology, hydrobiology, radiobiology and biotechnology. www.eajbs.eg.net Provided for non-commercial research and education use. Not for reproduction, distribution or commercial use.Internet of things (IoT) technology declared its effects in agriculture generally and for pests' control specifically. IoT is able to do many tasks in greenhouses which were infested with the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae. The full automated system depended on the wireless protocol that used sensors, Arduino, geographic information system (GIS), global system for mobile communication (GSM), etc., for data collection, processing, and others. It could be effective for pest monitoring, then data transference and finally decisions related to the activation of the distinctive procedure automatically. Such technology can direct even light or sound or both to let particular predator come and victual its prey with little efforts than occurred in control. Drone with light emitting diodes (LEDs) caused more than 90% reduction of infestation with most used colors by attracting specific predators to both exposed types, green and red, of T. urticae. Also but with little difference, recorded voices of adult females of T. urticaein the case of high infestations, showed their effectiveness to attract predators to cause reduction with about 80%. In other words, the precision agricultural system is so close for being applied to control mites through IoT as an advanced technology in both open fields and greenhouses successfully.

An investigation was performed to determine the possible role of detoxification metabolism in resistant strains of Tetranychus urticea Koch.Adult females were subjected to selection pressure through 40 generations by LC50's and LC90's of Vertimec (Avermectines), Cypermethrin (Pyrethroids), Methomyl (Carbamates) and Malathion (O.P), were (41.308, 42.021, 44.881, and 49.265 folds) and (49.815 ,55.411 ,63.972 ,and 90.00 folds), respectively, whereas RRS slopes ranged from 0.884 to 1.395 folds. Comparative assay with esterases (EST) and mixed function oxidases (MFO) showed that LC50's of Mal-Resistant strains had higher EST. activiy (4.71) with lower MFO activity (3.80),while ,LC50's of Vert-Rresistant strains had lower EST. activiy (2.70) with higher MFO activity (4.26). Synergist experiments showed low synergism by S,S,S tributylphosphorotrithioate (DEF) of EST activiy ranged from 4.81 to 2.99 folds,while synergism by Piperonyl Butoxide (PBO) of MFO activity ranged from 4.27 to 3.82folds to LC 50's pesticides resistant strains.