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A total of 80 samples of both beef and mutton (40, each), which were either raw or cooked by different cooking methods such as pan-frying, charcoal-grilling and charcoal-grilling with aluminum foils covers (n=10 for each of beef and mutton) besides 10 samples from raw meat of each type. The samples were collected from different restaurants at Zagazig City, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt. The samples were prepared for detection of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (naphthalene, acenaphthylene, acenaphthene, fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo [a] anthracene, chrysene, benzo [b] fluoranthrene, benzo [k] fluoranthene, benzo [a] pyrene, Indeno [1,2,3c-d] pyrene, Dibenzo [a,h] anthracene and Benzo [g,h,i] perylene). The recorded results showed that the total PAHs for raw, fried, charcoal grilled and foil grilled beef samples were 0.247, 1.152, 6.833 and 1.265 μg/kg respectively. Meanwhile, PAHs residual concentrations in mutton samples were 1.09, 4.606, 26.819 and 6.279 μg/kg in raw, pan-fried, charcoal-grilled and foil-grilled mutton samples respectively. We found also when meat wrapped in aluminum foil during grilling, it leads to a decrease in the total PAHs in the meat samples.

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Insecticides are important to increase crop yields, but their overuse has damaged the environment and endangered human health. In this study, residues of spiromesifen and spirodiclofen were determined in tomato fruit using a simple and efficient analytical procedure based on acetonitrile extraction, extract dilution, and UPLC-MS/MS. The linearity range was 1–100 µg/kg and 0.5–100 µg/kg, and the correlation coefficient (R2) and residuals were ≥0.9991 and ≤16.4%, respectively. The limit of determination (LOD) was 0.26 and 0.08 µg/kg, while the limit of quantification (LOQ) was verified at 5 µg/kg. The relative standard deviation of spiked replicates at 5 µg/kg analyzed in one day (RSDr, n = 6) was ≤8.35%, and within three different days (RSDR, n = 18) it was ≤15.85%, with recoveries exceeding 91.34%. The method recovery test showed a satisfactory value of 89.23–97.22% with an RSD of less than 12.88%. The matrix effect was determined after a 4-fold dilution of the raw extract and was −9.8% and −7.2%, respectively. The validated method was used to study the dissipation behavior of the tested analytes in tomato fruit under field conditions. First-order kinetics best described the dissipation rates. The calculated half-lives were 1.49–1.83 and 1.91–2.38 days for spiromesifen and spirodiclofen, respectively, after application of the authorized and doubled authorized doses, indicating that spiromesifen dissipated more rapidly than spirodiclofen. The final residue concentrations of spiromesifen and spirodiclofen were 0.307–0.751 mg/kg and 0.101–0.398 mg/kg, respectively, after two or three applications, and were below the European Union (EU) maximum residue limits. The chronic risk assessment indicates that both insecticides are safe for adult consumers.