Introduction. Dental caries and periodontal disease are the most frequent oral diseases and therefore determine oral health condition. The aim of this study was to assess the efficiency of the preventive programme for improving oral health in primary school children from first to fourth grade in Banjaluka. Material and methods.. Triennial study started in 2005 and included 911 second grade and 1491 fourth grade pupils in primary schools in Banjaluka. The study was completed in 2008. In the school year of 2007/08, 885 fourth grade pupils (examined in 2005. as second grade pupils) who were comprised by prevention program were reexamined. Dental check-ups were conducted by dentists on daylight using dental mirror and dental probe. Caries prevalence was analyzed using the DMFT index while oral hygiene was assessed using oral hygiene index (OHI). Results. The structure of DMFT among the second grade pupils (in the school year 2005/06) showed that the dominant component of DMFT was for healthy teeth (81%), followed by decayed (14%) and filled teeth (5%). The average value of OHI was 1.47 for this group of pupils. The structure of DMFT in the fourth grade pupils (in the year 2005/06) showed that the dominant component of DMFT was also for healthy teeth (75%). The next were decayed (18%) and filled teeth (7%). The average value of OHI was 1.60. Data analyses in the school year 2007/08 from the fourth grade pupils (who were second grade pupils during the school year 2005/06) and were comprised by preventive programme, showed that DMFT had the dominant component of healthy teeth (81%) followed by 10% of decayed teeth and 8% of filled teeth. Extracted teeth were only 1%. OHI was 0.95. Conclusion. The preventive programme applied in primary schools in Banjaluka since 2005. decreased the number of oral diseases and improved oral hygiene among the children who participated in this program

Introduction. Detection of early carious lesion and its remineralization is the most effective way for caries treatment. The aim of this study is to compare effectiveness of remineralization of the early carious lesions with different fluoride varnishes.Method. The research included 30 children, girls and boys, aged 12 and 13, in whom the presence of white lesions on at least two vestibular surfaces was detected on 60 permanent teeth during a clinical examination by visual method. Gingival status was determined based on bleeding or non-bleeding after probing, activity of the white lesion was visually examined and the size of the lesion was measured. After the measurement, the application of varnishes was performed by the procedure that two different dental varnishes were applied to two different teeth with white lesion in the same person: group Ifluoride varnish with 1.5% non-organic ammonium fluoride, group II -fluoride varnish enriched with minerals with 5% sodium fluoride. Activity, lesion dimensions and gingival status were examined after four, eight and twelve weeks when new varnishes were also applied.Results. Inactivation of white lesions was recorded in the eighth week, but statistically significant difference was recorded after twelve weeks with 56.2% inactive lesions in the group I and 57.5% in the group II. There was no recorded difference in the lesion activity of the varnishes. Changes in the gingivo-incisal diameter during the visits amounted to: 3.47 mm/3.59 mm/3.53 mm/3.46 mm for the group I and 3.21 mm/3.19 mm/3.18 mm/3.20 mm for the group II. Changes in mesio-distal diameter amounted to: group I: 2.94 mm/2.81 mm/2.84 mm/2.4 mm; group II: 2.94 mm/2.87 mm/2.89 mm/2.90 mm. Statistically significant difference in both diameters was recorded between the first and second visit in the group I (p = 0.0046). There was no statistically significant difference recorded in the group I during other visits. In the group II statistically significant differences in the changes of lesion dimension were not recorded. Statistically significant differences p< 0.001 were recorded in the presence of gingival bleeding between the examined groups at the first visit, where significantly more lesions with healthy gingiva were observed in group I (84.4%). Conclusion.Dental fluoride varnishes cause remineralization of early carious lesion after twelve weeks without significant difference between classic and enriched varnishes.

Uticaj materijala koji sadrže epoksi smole ili kalcijum hidroksid na reparaciju periapikalnog tkiva APSTRAKT Uvod. Nije poznato koji od materijala za završno punjenje kanala korijena ima najbolja svojstva. Istraživanja u stomatologiji su usmjerena na pronalazak sintetskog materijala koji nema antigena svojstva kada se implantira u vitalno tkivo. U ovom radu je ispitivan uticaj dvije vrste materijala, jedni koji sadrže epoksi smole (AH Plus) i drugi koji sadrže kalcijum-hidroksid (Apexit) na oboljelo periapikalno tkivo praćenjem kliničkih znakova, subjektivne osjetljivosti i analizom radioloških (RTG) snimaka prije terapije, po završetku i 12 mjeseci nakon terapije. Metode. U studiju je uključeno 53 pacijenta oba pola i starosne dobi od 15 do 50 godina. Svi pacijenti su primljeni u ambulantu pod dijagnozom akutnog ili hroničnog periodontitisa, nakon čega je sprovedena endodontska terapija. Ukupno 26 zuba je opturisano sa AH Plus pastom, a 27 sa Apexit pastom. Pacijenti su grupisani po polu, morfološkim karakteristikama zuba, prisustvu spontanog bola, otoka, osjetljivosti na vertikalnu i horizontalnu perkusiju i prisustvu fi stule. Rezultati. Rezultati pokazuju da neposredno nakon liječenja kao i 12 mjeseci kasnije obe grupe pacijenata, čiji su zubi punjeni sa AH Plus pastom, odnosno Apexitom nisu imali bol i otok, dok je fi stula perzistirala kod pacijenata čiji su zubi punjeni Apexitom. Neposredno nakon liječenja i 12 mjeseci kasnije perkutorna osjetljivost je bila zastupljena kod 50% više pacijenata, čiji su zubi punjeni Apexitom. RTG identifi kovane patološke promjene kod pacijenata čiji su zubi punjeni Apexitom su zastupljene u 30% više slučajeva neposredno nakon liječenja, a 50% 12 mjeseci kasnije. Zaključak. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata zaključeno je da u terapiji periapikalnog oboljenja AH Plus ima prednost u liječenju u odnosu na Apexit.

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Introduction: Dental care for people with mental disabilities is an integral part of the comprehensive medical care. Mentally challenged people, in addition to mental have, in cases of severe psychophysical development disorders, motor disturbances as well, which prevent them from adequately maintaining oral hygiene and general health. In institutions where these people are located, there is often no dental service or dentist to take care of their oral health. Aims of the study: The basic goal of the reasearch is to determine the oral health condition of the intelectually disabled children in the municipality of Banja Luka. Patients and Methods: The study was conducted on 65 children (26 females and 39 males), age range: 5 to 15 years old. According to a type of disability by 10th International classificiation of the diseases, children were divided into two groups: group 1/F71(n=35) and group 2/F72 (n=30). Dental check assessed: teeth number, presence of decayed, missing/extracted teeth and radices relictae, presence and number of crowns, gingival index-GI and plaque index-PI. Results: The analysis showed there was no significant difference in the number of decayed, extracted, filled teeth and there were no significant differences in the values of DMFT, gingival and plaque index. Conclusion: Children with mental disabilities in the municipality of Banja Luka have a bad state of the mouth and teeth. In relation to the degree of mental disability of children, there was no significant difference in the number of decayed, extracted, filled teeth, DMFT, gingival and plaque index .