The frequency of AE in ambulatory settings in LA is in the high-frequency range of research focused on the prevalence of AEs. Fifty percent was preventable. This study provides an approach for assessing the frequency and preventability of AE in order to enhance patient safety in LA.

Characterization of the management and driver of wagon equine in the urban area of São Luís, MaranhãoAbstract. The objective of this research was to characterize the handling and the driver of wagon equine in the urban area of São Luís, Maranhão. A socioeconomic survey of the driver was carried out, as well as an evaluation of the reproductive, sanitary and feeding management of the traction equines, based on therein doing an analysis of their welfare state and guiding the owners of these animals. The methodology used to obtain the data was interviewed with questionnaires, these data were processed in Microsoft Office Excel 2010 and presented in percentages. All respondents stated that they had an income of up to 1 salary, with the majority of elementary education incomplete (57%), aged between 19 and over 41 years, 87% of the drivers were from São Luís and 13% from other cities. All respondents claimed to use a whip, but adding that they did not target the animal. Regarding the average load used for 69%, they stated 101 to 450 kg, 9% over 451 kg and 22% did not respond. The activity that uses Equidae for traction is developed by a less favored class, being this the main or only source of income of the interviewees. There is a need for guidance and awareness of the carters, so that the quality of life of the animal is increased, as thus both will be favored.

Background The high amount of soluble carbohydrates and the reduced dry matter content in cactus pear can cause excessive fermentation, resulting in nutrient losses, when it is preserved in the silage form. Thus, the association of cactus pear with elephant grass in the production of mixed silages may reduce nutritional losses during the ensiling process. Thus, the aim was to evaluate the mineral profile, carbohydrates fractionation, nitrogen compounds, and in vitro gas production of elephant grass silages associated with a cactus pear levels (0, 150, 300, and 450 g/kg on dry matter basis). The study was carried out in a completely randomized design, with 4 treatments and 5 replications, totaling 20 experimental silos. Results The increase in cactus pear levels in elephant grass silages composition provided an increase in the contents of K (P = 0.013), Ca (P < 0.001), Mg (P < 0.001), Na (P = 0.001), B (P = 0.044) and Zn (P = 0.016), reduced P (P = 0.039) and promoted a quadratic effect for Fe (P = 0.045) content. The addition of cactus pear levels in elephant grass silages increased the total carbohydrates (P < 0.001) and A + B1 fraction (P = 0.002) and promoted a quadratic effect for B2 fraction (P = 0.032). For nitrogen compounds, the increase in cactus pear levels in elephant grass silages composition reduced the B1 + B2 fraction (P = 0.002) and increased the C fraction (P = 0.007). There was no effect of cactus pear levels on the in vitro gas production of elephant grass silages (P > 0.05). Conclusions Under the experimental conditions, the addition of cactus pear in elephant grass silage at levels up to 450 g/kg dry matter does not affect the in vitro gas production, however, it improves the mineral profile, contributes to the increase in the total carbohydrate content and the A + B1 fraction in the silages. Besides this, cactus pear addition reduces the B1 + B2 protein fraction, increasing the fraction C content in the silages, suggesting the necessity to supply an additional soluble nitrogen source for good ruminal functioning.

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A suinocultura na grande Ilha de São Luís é uma atividade predominante de pequenas propriedades rurais tornando-se importante sob o ponto de vista social, econômico e, especialmente, como instrumento de fixação do homem no campo. Sendo constituída pela agricultura familiar e caracterizada pela pequena escala de produção. Para os agricultores familiares há uma grande valorização da mão de obra familiar, além de oferecer o baixo investimento. As famílias produtoras de suínos, tanto vendem os leitões, como destina os machos em terminação para o abate. Enquanto os maridos cuidam da agricultura e dos animais maiores, as esposas tratam do rebanho de animais pequenos, e assim garante oportunidade de trabalho, renda e melhoria na qualidade de vida da família. Visando este assunto o trabalho tem por objetivo orientar e capacitar os agricultores familiares de técnicas racionais de manejo na atividade suinícola focados nos aspectos relacionados à sanidade, nutrição e reprodução, suínos. Fundamentação Teórica Um dos desdobramentos mais imediatos da suinocultura é a recorrência de questões sobre a sanidade dos rebanhos e a segurança de oferta quantitativa e qualitativa do alimento produzido.