Fibrin glue treatment for complex anal fistulas has a low success rate and most recrudescences occurred within three months. However, given the low morbidity and relative simplicity of the procedure, fibrin glue should still be considered as a first-line treatment for patients with complex anal fistulas.

Cytoreductive surgery with intraperitoneal hyperthermic chemotherapy is a feasible treatment for pseudomyxoma peritonei. It is associated with acceptable morbidity when performed by an experienced surgical team. Histologic grade is the major determinant of survival.

The drug targets IL23 and IL12 regulate pathogenicity and plasticity of intestinal Th17 cells in Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), the two most common inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). However, studies examining Th17 dysregulation in mesenteric lymph nodes (mLNs) of these patients are rare. We showed that in mLNs, CD could be distinguished from UC by increased frequencies of CCR6 + CXCR3 − RORγ + Tbet − CD4 + (Th17) memory T cells enriched in CD62L low effector memory T cells (T EM ), and their differentially expressed molecular profile. Th17 T EM cells (expressing IL17A, IL17F, RORC , and STAT3 ) displayed a higher pathogenic/cytotoxic ( IL23R, IL18RAP , and GZMB, CD160, PRF1 ) gene signature in CD relative to UC, while non-pathogenic/regulatory genes ( IL9, FOXP3, CTLA4 ) were more elevated in UC. In both CD and UC, IL12 but not IL23, augmented IFNγ expression in Th17 T EM and switched their molecular profile toward an ex-Th17 (Th1 * )-biased transcriptomic signature (increased IFNG , and decreased TCF7, IL17A ), suggesting that Th17 plasticity occurs in mLNs before their recruitment to inflamed colon. We propose that differences observed between Th17 cell frequencies and their molecular profile in CD and UC might have implications in understanding disease pathogenesis, and thus, therapeutic management of patients with IBD.