Biosensors - classification, characterization and new trendsBiosensors represent promising analytical tools applicable in areas such as clinical diagnosis, food industry, environment monitoring and in other fields, where rapid and reliable analyses are needed. Some biosensors were successfully implemented in the commercial sphere, but majority needs to be improved in order to overcome some imperfections. This review covers the basic types, principles, constructions and use of biosensors as well as new trends used for their fabrication.

The present study did not show any pronounced effects of AGEs on appetite and markers of inflammation, but did indicate that AGEs may affect postprandial ghrelin, oxidative stress, and glucose responses.

The importance of analyses of different parameters in food products and monitoring of a production process requires quick and reliable analytical methods and devices. For this purpose, biosensors can be a suitable option, whereas most of the current quality control techniques are time consuming, expensive, and unpractical. In this paper, we describe biosensors developed for analysis of different components present in food samples, namely, glucose, fructose, sucrose, lactose, lactic, malic, acetic, ascorbic, citric and amino acids, ethanol, glycerol, and triglyceride. Biosensors showed desirable sensitivity, selectivity, and response time required for various applications. They are often designed to avoid interference from components present in a complex sample to be analyzed.

Analyses in the clinical area need quick and reliable analytical methods and devices. For this purpose, biosensors can be a suitable option, whereas they are constructed to be simple for use, specific for the target analyte, capable of continuous monitoring and giving quick results, potentially low-costing and portable. In this article, we describe electrochemical biosensors developed for clinical diagnosis, namely for glucose, lactate, cholesterol, urea, creatinine, DNA, antigens, antibodies, and cancer markers assays. Chosen biosensors showed desirable sensitivity, selectivity, and potential for application on real samples. They are often designed to avoid interference with undesired components present in the monitored systems.