The white mulberry Morus alba L. is an interesting tree that widely planted throughout the world for various uses. The effort was made in this study to propagate the fruitless cultivar of Morus alba L. by hardwood cuttings; comparing different cuttings collection time with using various concentrations of IBA (Indole-3-Butyric Acid) solution. Results showed that taking and planting cuttings on March 1st, gave the best survival percentage of rooted seedlings, which was (20.83%) compared to February 8th (16.33%) and March 22nd (12.5%).Cuttings treated with different concentrations of IBA significantly increased success percentage; 58.33, 66.67, 50.00 and 20.83% for 2000, 1500, 1000 and 0ppm respectively. Furthermore, the combination effect of previous factors had positive effects on studied characters; the heighest values of success rate of rooting (66.67%) from cuttings taken on March 1st and immersed in 1500ppm of IBA solution (T7), while success rate of rooting (58.33%) and all other qualitative parameters of shoots height (70cm), vegetation fresh weight (74.9g), vegetation dry weight (24.06g), root length (41.17cm) roots fresh weight (5.26g), roots dry weights (1.5g), number of leaves per plant (32.33), and leaf area (84.32cm2) were obtained from cuttings taken on the same time but treated with 2000ppm. The results recommend taking cuttings on March 1st, and using 2000ppm of IBA directly before planting to enhance cuttings survival percentage and seedlings quality.

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This research was carried out at the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Sulaimani. This study was applied to determine the effect of some extracts of Glycyrrhiza glabra and Ammi majus and different types of soil on seed germination, seedling growth and phytochemical contents as well as fresh and dry weights of Moringa olefera. The significant effects of some extracts were observed on the studied parameters of the moringa plant. The highest germination percentage of moringa recorded by the seeds treated with 10 g/L of Ammi majus extract. The greatest germination rate of moringa seeds (81.3) exhibited at control treatments of both extracts. The highest stem elongation was demonstrated by 5 g/L G. glabra and pet moss media. The maximum score of stem length of moringa (107.33 and 97.33 cm) was achieved from the combination 10 g/L G. glabra and A. majus with peat moss media, whereas the lowest value (44.33 cm) was stated by the interaction of control and peat moss. In addition, the greatest value of stem diameter (5.75 cm) was noticed by the interaction pet moss and 10 g/L A. majus. The number of leaf in moringa showed the maximum score when the seeds treated by 5 g/l G. glabra, peat moss and their combination. Whereas, the root number characteristic of moringa revealed the maximum values when the seeds treated by 5g/l G.glabra (23.44), pet moss (25.67) and its combination (32). The best results of dry biomass weight including shoots and leave were achieved in 5,10 g/L G. glabra and A. majus with peat moss combination, High value of the TPC, TFC and antioxidant-DPPH (3.955, 0.171 and 86.197, respectively) recorded by the interaction of 10 g/L A. majus with loam and significantly superior on other treatment. These results confirm the effectiveness of aqueous extracts of different plant and media cultures on seed germination, plant growth and phytochemical content of M. olefera.

This research was conducted at the College of Agricultural Science Engineering/ University of Sulaimani/ Kurdistan region-Iraq, to study effect of wounding at the base of cuttings and different dipping periods (10s, 20s and 30s) in 2500 ppm IBA solution on hardwood cuttings of Marianna plum during 2018-2019. The experiment was designed in RCBD, and Duncun's multiple ranges test (5%) was used for comparison of means. The studied parameters were rooting percentage, root number, root length, sprout bud number, shoot length and shoot diameter. Effect of individual factors revealed that wounding of basal end in hardwood cuttings gave no significant result for rooting percentage; wounded and unwounded cuttings gave %95.55 rooting. And also, quick dip of Marianna plum hardwood cuttings for different times (10, 20 and 30 seconds) in 2500 ppm IBA solution gave no significant result for any studied parameters; rooting reached 100% in cuttings dipped in 2500 ppm IBA for 20s. Interaction effects of the two factors showed no significant difference in rooting percentage. Rooting percentage reaches 100% in wounded and unwounded cuttings which were dipped in 2500 ppm IBA solution for 20s. The interaction effects on other root and shoot traits were not significant except in root length, the longest root (8.90 cm) found in cuttings were wounded and dipped in 2500 ppm IBA solution for 20s. Marianna plum is a species did not respond differently to basal wounding and quick dipping period in 2500 ppm IBA solution, as used for hardwood cuttings except in root length.