Using a ureteral stent at renal transplantation significantly decreases the early urinary complications of urine leakage and obstruction. However, there is a significant increase in urinary tract infections, primarily beyond 30 days after transplantation. Stent removal within 4 weeks of insertion appears advisable.

Kidney transplant drainage into an ileal conduit for urinary diversion is an effective treatment for patients with end stage renal disease due to abnormal lower urinary tracts. Despite preexisting co-morbidity and the increased complication rate long-term graft and patient survival is comparable to that in the normal transplant population.

No abstract

Bedside ultrasound is a useful tool to help the decision-making in urological emergencies and reasonably accurate in hands of a trainee urologist. It is especially helpful for excluding obstruction in presence of infection or renal failure. However it has inherent limitations in assessing acute ureteric colic.

No abstract