BACKGROUNDABO system remains the most important blood group system in transfusion and organ transplantation medicine. ABO typing and ABO incompatibility testing remain the foundation of all pretransfusion testing. An inverse reciprocal relationship exists between the presence of A and B antigens on red cells and the presence of Anti-A and Anti-B or both in sera. Discrepancies in ABO grouping can be characterised by inappropriate results in either cell or serum grouping.The aim of this study is to analyse commonly occurring ABO group discrepancies in order to standardise resolving procedure and avoid delay in pretransfusion testing.

BACKGROUNDAccording to Medical Council of India theory and practical curriculum is very essential for all medical subjects in the undergraduate medical course in India. Animal based experimental pharmacology is still being taught in many institutions in the country, though such a practice has been abandoned at many centers. However, the use of animals in research and experimentation has been debated, defended and protested by both individuals and organizations at various levels. In recent years undergraduate training in pharmacology has been revolutionized with adoptions of new methods of teaching that focus on supportive learning through novel teaching approaches like CAL (Computer Assisted Learning).