Background: Enuresis is a common problem in children and its incidence is multifactorial in nature. The aim of this study is to assess the etiological risk-factors in enuresis in the study population and also to compare the risk factors in enuresis subgroups.Methods: A total of 51 patients with enuresis presenting to the department of paediatrics, Institute of Social Paediatrics, Govt. Stanley Hospital, Chennai were included in the study. All children were sub classified as primary/secondary and the primary enuretics were sub classified into monosymptomatic/non monosymptomatic depending on the symptoms. The data was analyzed and the results presented.Results: Enuresis was common in boys. Statistically significant difference in the incidence of disorder between primary and secondary enuretic children was seen in relation to presence of storage symptoms (p=0.04), cystitis (p=0.013) sleep disordered breathing (p=0.0001) and low-income status (p=0.04). No statistically significant difference between into monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (MNE) and non-monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (NMNE) children was observed in terms of gender, difficulty in arousal, specific gravity, spina bifida, low bladder capacity and family history (p>0.05).Conclusions: The findings of the study reported that risk factors related to the incidence is similar in both primary and secondary enuresis. MNE and NMNE have no differences in the presentation and probably represent the spectrum of a same disorder.

Background: Many infants of diabetic mothers (IDMs) born with specific characteristics like macrosomia, hypoglycemia, respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and other morbidity risks. The present study was done with the aim to determine morbidity and mortality pattern amongst IDMs admitted into the neonatal intensive care units (NICU) of our tertiary care center.Methods: Descriptive study was done on 86 infants in the NICU of Government RSRM lying in Hospital and Institute of Social Pediatrics, Govt Stanley Hospital, Chennai Tamil Nadu during the period from August 2007 to October 2008. Data on mode of delivery, gestational age, birth weight, other associated morbidities and investigation results were noted.Results: Among the 85 mothers, 67 mothers had gestational diabetes mellitus and 18 had diabetes mellitus preceding pregnancy. Among the 86 IDMs, 15 infants were macrosomic, 11 infants were premature, 12 had mild to severe RDS, 11 infants had hypoglycemia, 3 had hypocalcemia, 2 had birth injuries, 3 infants were born as small for gestational age. Polycythemia observed in 3 IDMs, hyperbilirubinemia in 8 infants, external congenital malformations in two infants and congenital heart disease in three infants.Conclusions: IDMs developed many complications in the study. Macrosomia was the major among them. Perinatal morbidities can be reduced by screening of diabetic mothers from first trimester, maintaining good glycaemic control and adequate management of their infants.