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This review paper focuses on different studies that have examined this subject involving the development and implementation of different energy-efficient routing protocols. Specifically, the paper seeks to unearth issues such as the methodologies adopted, the proposed energy-efficient routing models in different scenarios and applications, and the scholars’ results regarding the impact of the proposed algorithms on the network lifetime of WSNs. From the results, a common trend and emerging theme that have been established demonstrate that when energy-efficient routing systems are implemented, they are likely to minimize the energy consumption of WSN networks. With energy consumption minimized, the resultant efficiency with which the energy-efficient routing protocols are associated contributes to an increase in the network lifetime.

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