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INTRODUCTIONLayered substrate is a very important type of material. The layer, such as the paint on metal, has been used widely for the purpose of corrosion prevention. The use of a layer as part of surface acoustic wave devices also has been found to have important applications in such high-tech environments as the semiconductor industry. The performance of layered substrate is critically dependent on the bonding conditions between layer and substrate.Most of the research on the bond quality of layered substrates was confined to two extremes: perfect bond and complete misbond. For example, many studies of the interface problems assumed intimate mechanical contact between the two surfaces that constitute the interface. However, this assumption only applies to the perfect bond. The results of these studies provide a range of possible variations, but give no details about the in-between cases. In reality, bond quality could exist in a wide spectrum. How to evaluate the imperfect substrates is, thus, a challenging area of study. BACKGROUND

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