Extended endoscopic mucosal resection for rectal neoplastic lesions can achieve superior results to those of per-anal excision and trans-anal microsurgery with regard to complications and recurrence rates. Extended endoscopic mucosal resection may be an alternative therapeutic modality in selected patients.

Endoscopic resection is an effective treatment for SDAs and can avoid the need for open surgery. This is the first series to report the use of a hybrid EMR-ESD technique for the treatment of SDAs in a Western setting. However, this technique did not confer any major outcome benefits over EMR. The risk of delayed bleeding is substantial, and bleeding may occur up to 18 days after the procedure. The risk of delayed bleeding was increased with lesions larger than 30 mm but was not influenced by the endoscopic technique.

A combination of cefuroxime and Betadine spray significantly reduces stomal infection following percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy at the end of week 1. Both the antibiotic group (A) and the combined group (C) did well compared with the Betadine only group (B) at midweek.