Graphical abstractWe characterised gp34 (yellow), a GPI-anchored protein that is expressed on the surface of the schizont (red) of the transforming intracellular parasite Theileria. The host cell nucleus is stained blue.

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Our data indicate the presence of anti-apoptotic caspase 9b in HNSCC, which may serve as a promising target to increase chemotherapeutic apoptosis induction.

Expression of mirR221/222 is correlated to cell cycle regulation, carcinogenesis, and chemoresistance. Detailed knowledge of the molecular mechanisms and effects ofmiRNAs is important for identifying miRNAs as cancermarkers, as well as for increasing the efficiency of cancer therapeutics.