Applying the Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI) to an island setting offers insight into whether and how standardization of subnational GPI models can adequately capture important local conditions and inform local policy. We argue in favor of localization and against scaling down national data and transferring valuation studies to Hawaii because of the state's unique setting. To localize GPI to our context, we suggest (a) omitting some indicators that are not applicable to Hawaii; (b) expanding and discretizing the list of indicators to other important economic, environmental, and social changes; and (c) amending existing indicators to better reflect their contribution to Hawaii's welfare. This would involve (a) improving local data on economic, social, and environmental changes; (b) building new indicators through a participatory process; and (c) conducting local valuation studies that accurately reflect the social value of the changes. Environmental Practice 16: 182-193 (2014) GDP and Beyond GDP measures all goods and services that are produced by an economy within its borders during a year. While increases in GDP are generally associated with the so-called healthy growth of an economy, GDP fails to account for many other factors impacting welfare , such as unpaid labor, pollution externalities, ecosystem degradation, defensive expenditures, capital depreciation, and income inequality.Despite the inability of GDP to capture social welfare, the measure continues to play a critical role in today's policy
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