The term rhombencephalitis refers to inflammatory diseases affecting the
hindbrain (brainstem and cerebellum). Rhombencephalitis has a wide variety of
etiologies, including infections, autoimmune diseases, and paraneoplastic
syndromes. Infection with bacteria of the genus Listeria is the
most common cause of rhombencephalitis. Primary rhombencephalitis caused by
infection with Listeria spp. occurs in healthy young adults. It
usually has a biphasic time course with a flu-like syndrome, followed by
brainstem dysfunction; 75% of patients have cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis, and
nearly 100% have an abnormal brain magnetic resonance imaging scan. However,
other possible causes of rhombencephalitis must be borne in mind. In addition to
the clinical aspects, the patterns seen in magnetic resonance imaging can be
helpful in defining the possible cause. Some of the reported causes of
rhombencephalitis are potentially severe and life threatening; therefore, an
accurate initial diagnostic approach is important to establishing a proper early
treatment regimen. This pictorial essay reviews the various causes of
rhombencephalitis and the corresponding magnetic resonance imaging findings, by
describing illustrative confirmed cases.
RESUMO:A cidade de Rio Grande ocupa o segundo lugar nos registros de câncer da pele no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Este estudo visa investigar o perfil epidemiológico dos atendidos pelas Campanhas de Prevenção ao Câncer de Pele de 2010, 2011 e 2012 realizadas em Rio Grande. Para isso foram realizadas observações participantes e semidirigidas. Foi demonstrado que foram mulheres brancas e pardas quem mais participaram e que os homens estão em um processo crescente de participação. Dos participantes, no mínimo 50% expõem-se ao sol sem qualquer proteção, principalmente por suas atividades ocupacionais. Foi constatado que o uso de protetores solares está bem aquém do necessário, sendo que em 2010 e 2011 os percentuais de indivíduos que não fizeram uso de protetores solares foi de 53,01% e 45,58%, respectivamente. Dicotomicamente, foram semelhantes os percentuais de quem nunca teve história de queimaduras solares ao longo da vida e daqueles que tiveram mais de três episódios, bem como os percentuais de quem não teve e de quem já teve história prévia de câncer de pele. Foi praticamente consenso a importância de conhecer os índices de radiação ultravioleta diário e seus riscos à saúde e que é a escola a fonte mais apropriada para divulgar e trabalhar informações sobre este tema. Nossos dados permitem propor políticas educacionais e sociais sobre a relação entre a exposição à radiação ultravioleta e o câncer de pele.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE:Campanha de prevenção; Câncer de pele; Perfil de atendidos.
PREVENTION CAMPAIGN AGAINST SKIN CANCER IN RIO GRANDE, BRAZIL: AN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL PROFILEABSTRACT: The city of Rio Grande ranks second in skin cancer in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Current study investigates the epidemiological profile of people attended to in the campaign against skin cancer in Rio Grande in 2010, 2011 and 2012. Participating and semi-directed observations were undertaken. White and brown-skinned females participated most, although males were on the increase. At least, 50% of the participating population expose themselves to the sun without any protection, especially during their occupational activities. Solar protection is not sufficiently used: in 2010 and 2011, the percentages of people who failed to use solar protectors were respectively 53.01% and 45.58%. Contrastingly, percentages were similar to those who never had sun burns and those with more than three episodes, similar to percentages of who never had and who had a previous skin cancer episode. All agreed on the importance of being informed on daily UV radiation and health risks. All agree that the school is the most appropriate place to disseminate information and discuss such issues. Data suggest educational and social policies on the
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