Summary Transboundary animal diseases (TADs) are highly contagious and have the potential to spread very rapidly irrespective of the national borders, causing serious economic losses. These diseases cause high morbidity and mortality in susceptible animal populations. Furthermore, the extent of their consequences may significantly affect the food security and national economics. In Pakistan, the main TADs include rinderpest, peste des petits ruminants, foot and mouth disease and avian influenza. In the present paper the status of these diseases in Pakistan is discussed.

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, lint %, staple length and fibre fineness were evaluated. The male × female interaction's significant differences clearly indicated the importance of specific combining ability (SCA) of hybrids and proposed the dominant genes involvement in the articulation of studied characters. The significant mean squares owing to both female and male parents determined the general combining ability (GCA) indicated predominant effect of the additive variances advocating the studied parameters. Higher values of σ 2 SCA against σ 2 GCA, greater ratio of σ 2 SCA/σ 2 GCA than one, greater degree of dominance (σ 2 D/σ 2 A) 1/2 than unity clearly revealed the foremost role of dominant gene effect. These results showed the prevalence of dominant gene action suggesting the achievability of hybrid crop development. General combining ability estimates designated that non-Bt females CRIS-134, CIM-573 and FH-941 and Bt males IR-NIBGE-3701, MG-6 and AA-802 were found as promising general combiners for earliness, seed cotton yield and fibre quality characters. Specific combining ability and heterotic effects are imperative estimates for deciding appropriateness of F1 hybrid crop development. For SCA effects, thirteen hybrids out of thirty six were recognized as best specific combiners for seed cotton yield, earliness and fibre quality parameters.

Peste des petits Ruminants (PPR) is an acute, febrile, highly contagious and economically important viral disease of small ruminants. However PPR is more prevalent in sheep and goat. Competitive ELISA, Virus neutrilization test, and RT-PCR are the available techniques for diagnosis of PPR which give rapid detection where as Agar gel immunodiffusion and Counter immunoelectrophoresis were previously used for PPR detection. In this study two serological techniques were compared for PPR diagnosis. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the comparative sensitivity of both techniques for PPR detection. For this purpose one hundred and sixty PPR suspected serum samples collected from goats and sheep flocks (unvaccinated) from three Districts of NWFP including Mardan, Hangu and Kohat were analyzed in National Veterinary Laboratories, Islamabad. Out of these 160 samples, fifty (50) were found positive for PPR antibodies with cELISA (Prevalence = 31.25%). The cELISA positive serum samples however gave negative results when tested with AGID although the control well was always positive. Thus it was concluded that cELISA technique is more sensitive and specific than AGID for PPR antibody detection.

Cobalt oxide doped in polyaniline nanocomposite were prepared with various weight percentages by in situ polymerization method and thin films by solvent casting method,for preparation of composite using aniline, ammonium per sulfate, and Cobalt oxide as starting materials. The temperature dependent conductivity behavior of PANI/ Cobalt oxide composites have been studied. The formation of PANI and PANI/ Cobalt oxide composites with regards to the structural and microstructural properties of the materials were investigated by SEM techniques. The conductivity of Pure PANI and its composites have been measured.