Using high-magnification NBI increased the differential diagnostic skill of the LEE group after expanded training so that it was equivalent to that of the HEE group.

Factors predicting technical difficulty of CR-ESDs were clarified. Their importance was influenced by the increasing experience of the endoscopist.

Three endoscopic criteria individually and in combination were effective in predicting a diagnosis of SSA/P without the need for chromoendoscopy.

Methylation in colonic mucosa of UC was correlated with mucosal inflammatory status, suggesting the involvement of methylation due to chronic active inflammation in UC carcinogenesis.

NBI does not improve the adenoma detection rate during primary colonoscopy; however, it has a lower miss rate for adenoma lesions in the proximal colon than WLI.