Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de extratos de capeba (Piper marginatum) e nim (Azadirachta indica) sobre o fungo Colletotrichum scovillei e determinar o componente mais ativo no controle pós-colheita da antracnose em pimentão. A atividade de extratos metanólicos das folhas (P. marginatum e A. indica) e das sementes (A. indica) a 0, 125, 250, 500, 1.000 e 2.000 ppm, na inibição do crescimento micelial de C. scovillei in vitro foram avaliadas. O extrato metanólico de folhas de P. marginatum foi o mais ativo e, consequentemente, foi submetido ao fracionamento biomonitorado ("bioassay-guided fractionation"). Esse processo rendeu 10 frações majoritárias, obtidas por cromatografia líquida de alta performance, das quais a fração à concentração de 1,5 ppm inibiu o desenvolvimento de C. scovillei de forma mais eficiente do que o fungicida mancozeb.Termos para indexação: Capsicum annuum, antracnose, controle alternativo, fracionamento biomonitorado, nim. Extracts of Piper marginatum and Azadirachta indica for the control of Colletotrichum scovillei in bell pepperAbstract -The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of extracts of capeba (Piper marginatum) and neem (Azadirachta indica) on the fungus Colletotrichum scovillei, and evaluate the most active compound on the post-harvest control of anthracnose in bell pepper. Methanolic extracts activity of leaves (P. marginatum and A. indica) and of seeds (A. indica) at 0, 125, 250, 500, 1,000, and 2,000 ppm, for in vitro inhibition of mycelial growth of C. scovillei, were evaluated. The methanolic extract of P. marginatum leaves was the most active and, consequently, it was subjected to a bioassay-guided fractionation. This processing produced ten major compounds, obtained by preparative HPLC, from which the fraction at 1.5 ppm concentration was capable of inhibiting mycelial growth and was more effective than the fungicide mancozeb.

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Stem bleeding disease (resinosis) of coconut palm is caused by Thielaviopsis paradoxa and is very important in the state of Sergipe, Brazil. Understanding the epidemiological behavior of the disease is essential for establishing more efficient control strategies. Thus, we characterized the temporal progression and spatial distribution of stem bleeding in a commercial orchard under conditions of natural infection in the area of Neopolis, Sergipe. Three plots with 729 plants each were selected and evaluated every two months for stem bleeding incidence. In the temporal analysis, the monomolecular model gave the best fit to data on disease incidence, as it accurately showed the temporal dynamics of the disease during the experiment period. The spatial pattern of stem bleeding varied over time, with initial infections presenting random pattern and then evolving to aggregate pattern during evaluations. This indicates that the disease may have originated from the pathogen survival structures, followed by auto infections caused by dissemination from plant to plant, either by humans, by contact between roots, or by the vector Rhynchophorus palmarum.

Medicinal plants are described such as those produce substances capable of provoking reactions in the human body leading to the cure of diseases. Like as cultivated species, medicinal plants can be attacked by various pests and diseases, affecting the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of their curative properties, as well as productivity. Phytonematodes are one of the main factors limiting the productivity of cultivated plants. In medicinal species this pathogens group has caused damage in the sanity of the plants interfering in the quality of the compounds produced. Among them, due to the high parasitism degree, the species of the genus Meloidogyne, popularly known as root-knot nematodes. Among the management strategies of these phytopathogens, biological and cultural controls have low efficiency reports. Likewise, chemical control is not indicated due to its high cost, besides, its high toxicity and risk of environmental pollution. Therefore, the most effective control method is the use of resistant plant species or cultivars. Once these species are identified, they can be used as antagonists or incorporated into the soil, aiming to decrease the nematode population in infested areas. The use of resistant medicinal species allows little or no reproduction of Meloidogyne spp., providing effective control in the field. Other advantages are the reduction of production costs, and the protection of the environment against pollution caused by chemical waste.