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Background: Neonatal anemia occurs when there is a decrease in the baby's red blood cell count before delivery. Fetal anemia is relatively rare but serious condition an Immune-Related cause is the most common involving red blood cell (RBC) alloimmunization followed by non-immune causes such as parvovirus B19 infection and other congenital infection. Other causes include genetic or metabolic syndromes and vascular tumors of the baby or placenta. Patients and methods: This cross-sectional study is conducted on 200 Neonates, delivered by normal or cesarean section in Fayoum University Hospital& Fayoum General Hospital. Hemoglobin and Ferritin levels in cord blood are determined. Results:The mean ± SD of HB & Ferritin was: 12.61 ± 2.44% and 104.96 ± 98.17 respectively. About one eighth 24 / 200 (12.0 %) of studied neonates had ferritin deficiency (FD). Conclusion:In Our study, more than one third (39%) of study neonates had anemia. One eights 24/ 200 (12%) of neonates had Ferritin deficiency. 9.5% of study neonates had iron deficiency anemia (IDA).Prevalence of Iron deficiency anemia in males was higher than in females (12% Vs 7.7 %) with no statistical significance p= 0.301.Finally we conclude that iron deficiency is important cause of anemia.