With good performance of mobility, mobile cranes are widely used in various industries of the national economy. However, the work locations of mobile cranes are not fixed, the management personnel and operation personnels qualities are not high, and the management systems are not perfect currently. A considerable part of mobile cranes can not get timely inspection and supervision, some even operating with injuries. So the personal injury and equipment damage accidents often happened, with great loss of people's lives and properties. Therefore, it is necessary to study the measures for strengthening health monitoring and safety management of mobile cranes, aiming to reduce the possibility of accidents. The common types of accidents and their causes are summarized in this paper. The main damage modes of mechanical structure are analyzed. Based on the analysis, countermeasures to the health monitoring and safety management of mobile cranes are put forward.