No abstract

The closure of schools and urgent importance of distance education during the Covid 19 pandemic revealed a necessity to find suitable teaching methods that would help to maintain the continuity level of educational system in case of different possible critical periods of society's survival, such as viral and bacterial pandemics, war, climate, meteorological and other disasters. In this context, the need for possibilities of distance-oriented further education of teachers has also emerged. Moreover, it was very important to create a great amount of suitable teaching materials. All mentioned facts require serious didactic research. In fact, it would also help to identify the positives and negatives of previous teaching methods applied in each individual school subject before the Covid 19 pandemic in Slovakia. During the Covid 19 pandemic, the authors of this paper have implemented a natural science-technologically oriented university course for future teachers in the period of Covid 19 pandemic. The research was conducted by method of pedagogical experiment. Paper consists of 9 chapters altogether, also including introduction, conclusion, acknowledgement, and bibliography. The first chapters are theoretical. They directly present the process of creating FVCOVIDE = Distance forms of education (during Covid 19 pandemic, having the character of experimental forms of teaching). Chapter 3 is of pedagogical experiment nature, applying the above-mentioned models into school practice. It also includes research hypotheses, statistical data processing and results interpretation.

The system of logical structures in natural science- (biologically-, ecologically- and physics-) oriented curriculum is defined as a set of features, which depict the main ideas of a certain topic. Basically, it is a unique model presenting the topic´s key points. Graphical representation of the curriculum logical structure can be provided (implemented) as: a) traditional printed graphic form b) computer (virtual) form. When visualizing the logical structure system of natural science curriculum (including biologically-, ecologically- and physics-oriented school subjects), we mainly use the following structural components: Word maps, Applets, Orientation graphs (transport diagrams), Development diagrams, Venn diagrams, Structurograms, Sequence diagrams and others. This research paper includes a pedagogical experiment to verify the effectiveness of teaching with the use of graphic visualization of the curriculum logical structure.

During the distance education process caused by COVID-19, students do not have sufficient opportunity to do pedagogical practice, which requires strengthening their practice-oriented component of learning in other forms. This article substantiates the relevance of quasi-professional educational environment in the system of professional training of future teachers, which implies the creating conditions at the university as close as possible to the realities of the teacher's work. The conditions which allowed to improve the graduates’ readiness to do their professional duties were developed and experimentally proven. The peculiarities of quasi-professional tasks based on imitation of real work situations, where student has no rules or samples for the completing, are revealed. In this way, they independently develop possible models for their behavior in similar situations, based on theoretical and methodological knowledge and skills. The effectiveness of the author's system of quasi-professional tasks aimed at the development of students' pedagogical thinking and their mastery of the experience of modeling lessons is presented and examined. They are represented by three groups: didactic, methodological and technological, each of which has a specific purpose. It allows to cover all the spheres of professional development of higher education students: motivational, cognitive-operational and reflexive.

Aim of the study is to present information on using information and communication technologies by university students, who are preparing for teaching profession. The research problem was to examine, whether there are any differences in using information and communication technologies between Polish and Slovak university students, future teachers. The questionnaire of own design was used for the purpose of the study, and it was consisted of 8 items. The research sample included 76 Polish and Slovak full-time students from two universities. Research results has shown that the Polish students devote more time to use information and communication technologies than the Slovak ones. The remaining items answers have not shown any significant differences between the answers of Polish and Slovak students.