Over a period of 7 months, 151 consecutive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus blood isolates were evaluated. None was community acquired. Twenty (13%) were susceptible to four or more antimicrobials, and 95% of these isolates were identified as SCCmec type IV. Molecular typing demonstrated four patterns, with one predominant pattern. Although usually community acquired, SCCmec type IV in our setting is clearly nosocomial.
"Classical" risk factors do not apply to patients infected with the SCCmec type IV strain of MRSA, which is an important cause of nosocomial bacteremia. This strain infects a patient population that is less ill and has had less frequent invasive procedures than a patient population infected with the multidrug-resistant strain of SCCmec type III MRSA. We found that virulence factors were rare and that Panton-Valentine leukocidin was absent. There were multiple clones of the SCCmec type IV strain in our hospital. Children under 1 year of age were at a higher risk. There was a predominant clone (sequence type 5) in this patient population.
OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to characterize Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carriage in a dermatology unit.METHODS:This was a prospective and descriptive study. Over the course of 26 weeks, surveillance cultures were collected weekly from the anterior nares and skin of all patients hospitalized in a 20-bed dermatology unit of a tertiary-care hospital. Samples from healthcare workers (HCWS) were cultured at the beginning and end of the study. Colonized patients were put under contact precautions, and basic infection control measures were enforced. Staphylococcus aureus colonization pressure was determined monthly. Colonized and non-colonized patients were compared, and isolates were evaluated for antimicrobial susceptibility, SCCmec type, virulence factors, and type.RESULTS:Of the 142 patients evaluated, 64 (45%) were colonized by MRSA (39% hospital acquired; 25% community acquired; 36% indeterminate). Despite isolation precautions, hospital-acquired Staphylococcus aureus occurred in addition to the continuous entry of Staphylococcus aureus from the community. Colonization pressure increased from 13% to 59%, and pemphigus and other bullous diseases were associated with MRSA colonization. Eleven out of 71 HCWs (15%) were Staphylococcus aureus carriers, although only one worker carried a persistent clone. Of the hospital-acquired MRSA cases, 14/28 (50%) were SCCmec type IV (3 PFGE types), 13 were SCCmec type III (46%), and one had an indeterminate type. These types were also present among the community-acquired Staphylococcus aureus isolates. SSCmec type IV isolates were shown to be more susceptible than type III isolates. There were two cases of bloodstream infection, and the pvl and tst virulence genes were absent from all isolates.CONCLUSIONS:Dermatology patients were colonized by community- and hospital-acquired Staphylococcus aureus. Half of the nosocomial Staphylococcus aureus isolates were SCCmec type IV. Despite the identification of colonized patients and the subsequent contact precautions and room placement, Staphylococcus aureus colonization continued to occur, and colonization pressure increased. Pemphigus and other bullous diseases were associated with Staphylococcus aureus.
agradeço o fornecimento de infraestrutura para realização do experimento. Agradeço a todos aqueles que contribuíram nesse trabalho, sendo através da presença, do contato, da ajuda no dia-a-dia, principalmente do apoio emocional, contribuindo para o meu crescimento científico e intelectual. RESUMO Westin AT. Expressão de citocinas, linfócitos, fator de crescimento endotelial vascular (VEGF) e antígeno leucocitário humano G (HLA-G) em carcinoma basocelular. [tese]. Introdução: A elevada e crescente prevalência do carcinoma basocelular (CBC) na população caucasiana e o seu marcante predomínio entre os cânceres cutâneos não-melanoma despertam interesse para a elucidação dos mecanismos envolvidos no seu desenvolvimento. Os vários subtipos da neoplasia possuem características de interesse para um modelo de estudo,a fim de identificar os fatores determinantes dos diferentes padrões de crescimento.Objetivo: Neste estudo buscamos analisar,por meio da expressão de citocinas, linfócitos, VEGF e HLA-G, os possíveis mecanismos imunomoduladores envolvidos nos diferentes padrões de crescimento, subtipos e localizações topográficas do CBC. Métodos: Em 26 amostras de fragmentos dos subtipos nodular e superficial de CBC primários, foram analisadas a expressão de CD3, CD4, CD25, FOXP3, HLA-G e VEGF, por meio imunoistoquímica (IHQ), e de IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17, IL-23, FOXP-3 e IFN-gama, por meio da reação em cadeia da polimerase em tempo real quantitativa (qPCR). Resultados: Na amostra (n=26), houve discreto predomínio dehomens (54%), com idade variando entre 35 a 89 anos e média de 72,96 anos; 84,62% dos CBC eram localizados em área fotoexposta, 53,85% não-cefálicos (14/26) e 46,15% cefálicos (12/26). CBC nodulares apresentaram um infiltrado inflamatório mais evidente e concentrado ao redor dos blocos neoplásicos; CBC superficiais apresentaram um infiltrado inflamatório difuso por toda a derme, e discretamente mais intenso nas áreas adjacentes aos blocos tumorais. A expressão de todos os marcadores foi mais evidente no sítio perineoplásico (PN) comparado ao interior, das células neoplásicas (Cneo).Distintamente de outros marcadores, notou-se acentuada frequência da expressão de CD25 + e HLA-G nas Cneo. Nas Cneo dos CBCn, evidenciou-se elevada frequência de células marcadas em intensidade moderada para HLA-G (p=0,04) e em intensidade levepara FOXP3 (p = 0,037), quando comparados aos CBCs. A expressão de CD4 + no infiltrado PN foi mais frequente nos tumores não-cefálicos (p=0,02) comparados aos cefálicos. A expressão de citocinas IL-6 IL-8, IL-17 foi maior nos dois subtipos de CBC, nodular e superficial, comparada à da pele normal. CBC cefálicos apresentaram maior expressão de IL-4 (p=0,02), enquanto aqueles de localização não-cefálica expressaram mais IL-8 (p=0,002). Conclusão: A composição e a localização do infiltrado inflamatório corroboram a resposta imunológica mediada por células T CD3 + e CD4 + no CBC. A participação de linfócitos CD25 + , FOXP3 + e do HLA-G caracteriza uma ação imunomoduladora, e a presença das inte...
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