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For many years this portion of Egypt had remained a blank so far as its geological structure was concerned, and when the geological map of Egypt was issued by the Survey Department in 1910 this extensive area was deliberately left uncoloured. Efforts were made by the writer to interest the various parties which were mapping the topography of this region, but the fossils submitted by them only indicated the presence of beds of Upper Cretaceous age, including a facies identical with that developed in the Abu Roash hills near Cairo.

I have just finished the revision of the Neogene Echinids of Egypt preserved in the collections of the Cairo Geological Museum. Before the publication of this work, which will form the fourth fascicule of the Catalogue of the Fossil Invertebrates of Egypt, it has seemed to me that it might be useful to consider the fauna as a whole, drawing from it some conclusions as to the palæobiology of the Neogene seas of Egypt. I wish further to ascertain if the Echinids of this region can be of some aid as regards the stratigraphical divisions, and in synchronizing these with the divisions already established in the other regions of the Neogene basin of the Mediterranean.