No abstract

The Infertility in humans is influenced by several factors, one of which is the quality of the spermatozoa of the male partner. Facts in the field there are still many couples who have not had children during their marriage for at least a year under normal circumstances/not far apart. This service uses a service approach to test the analysis of spermatozoa in a consecutive way in the laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine, Cenderawasih University, Jayapura. The results of the examination showed that from 9 people, 2 people had abnormalities consisting of 1 male asthenozoospermia at the age of 36 years, while one with teratozoospermia at the age of 45 years. Data on two people with spermatozoa status disorder are both active smokers and spend at least 3 packs of cigarettes a day with different brands. The work of both people is private and the other is a Civil Servant.Keywords: Infertility; spermatozoa; laboratory; quality; smoker

The objective of this paper is to explore the learning challenges of a group of first-year Papuan medical students. Perspectives were obtained from a group of Papuan medical students (attaining high and low grades) and Faculty staff (Papuan and Non-Papuan) at the University of Cenderawasih, Indonesia. This qualitative case study research employed semi-structured interviews conducted online via Skype. Data were analysed using a general inductive method and classified into themes to reflect Papuan students' learning challenges. We identified three main themes, namely the individual, the university and the outside environment. We found that these Papuan students were affected by their individual challenges, such as self-perception and the level of their learning and social skills. At the university level, students faced difficulties in adjusting their learning and felt that they were lacking a quiet supportive learning environment. They were also influenced by outside environment factors, such as family and financial concern. Given the wide range of challenges faced by Papuan medical students, Faculty development initiatives incorporating cultural responsiveness into the curriculum and wider government support are crucial for the successful educational advancement of Papuan medical students, which ultimately leads to better health outcomes for the Indigenous people of Papua.