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The Innovation of antimicrobial and self-cleaning material using Ag/TiO2 in a cotton fabric is undertaken to develop capabilities of footwear application. The nanocomposite of Ag/TiO2 was made by using Photo-Assisted Deposition (PAD) method. Ag/TiO2 treated cotton fabrics were impregnated by modified dip coating process with the addition of Tetraethyl Orthosilicate (TEOS) as precursors of SiO2. The addition of TEOS precursors is used to improve TiO2 multifunctional performance in hydrophilic and self-cleaning ability. The synthesized sample of Ag/TiO2 characterized by UV-Visible diffusion reflectance spectrum (UV-Vis DRS) to investigate the gap energy value, X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD) to investigate phase of a crystalline material and crystal size, and Scanning Electron Microscopy - Energy Dispersive X-Ray (SEM-EDX) to investigate the morphology and recognize the type of atom on the surface of a material. The effects of Ag/TiO2 coated cotton fabrics for footwear application on microbial disinfection have been assessed by Total Plate Count (TPC) method, using Escherichia Coli and Candida albicans as a model microorganism of skin bacteria and fungi, respectively. It was found that the optimum loading of Ag at 3wt% is evidenced by the effectiveness in disinfecting Escherichia Coli and Candida albicans up to 100%, the ability to self-cleaning and the ability in hydrophilicity will be described further in this paper.

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Avocado production is quite high in Indonesia led to increased waste avocado seed. Avocado seeds have an oil content large enough to potentially be used as a source of vegetable oil. A commonly used solvent for the extraction process is hexane. However, hexane proved to have an alarming danger if it is used for the extraction of food ingredients, necessitating alternative solvents such as n-heptane. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of variable research on avocado seed oil extraction using n-heptane. The method used in this study is Response Surface Methodology-Central Composite Design (RSM-CCD) by varying the time of extraction, extraction temperature, avocado seed mass and volume of the solvent n-heptane. ANOVA with 95% confidence level (p <0.05) showed that the variables have a significant influence on the yield of avocado seed oil produced by the value of R2 = 94.24% at constant temperature and R2 = 93.95% at constant time. Characteristics of avocado seed oil is a orange color, density amounted to 0.71 g/ml, viscosity amounted to 0.43 cP, and FFA amounted to 2.76%. Analysis of fatty acid composition of avocado seed oil showed fatty acid component is predominantly polyunsaturated fatty acids as linoleic acid of 47.3531% (w/w), saturated fatty acids such as palmitic acid amounted to 20.3439% (w/w), and monounsaturated fatty acids as oleic acid amounted to 15.8823% (w/w).

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