Chronic intestinal obstruction is a blockage that occurs in the intestines, both the small intestine and the large intestine. Pediatric colon in loop is a radiological examination technique to determine the condition of the large intestine by inserting contrast medium retrograde in children. The pediatric colon in loop examination technique was performed usually using plain abdominal anteroposterior (AP) projection, contrast AP, lateral contrast, and post evacuation AP. Contrast media that are usually used are barium sulfate in adults and iodine in children. This study was conducted to find out how the pediatric colon in loop examination technique is carried out at the Radiology Installation of the Kraton Pekalongan Hospital so that it can help confirm the doctor's diagnosis of colon disorders. This research is qualitative research with a case study approach. The time of the study was carried out from November 11 to December 14, 2019. The results showed that the pediatric colon in loop examination in cases of chronic obstruction carried out at the Radiology Installation of the Kraton Pekalongan Hospital used three projections, namely plain AP, contrast AP, and lateral contrast. As for the contrast media using iodine mixed with NaCl in a ratio of 1:3. The pediatric colon in loop examination technique, in this case, was sufficient by using plain abdominal AP projection, contrast AP, and lateral contrast because it was able to establish the diagnosis. And contrast media uses iodine because it is water-soluble, so it is easily and quickly digested by the child's body.

The use of contrast media on CT scans needs to be done to see the urinary tract clearly. Contrast media itself has side effects that can harm patients if they have allergies. The purpose of this study was to determine if black tea can be used as a natural contrast medium to replace iodine contrast media in CT urography. This study used a case study method by observing a patient diagnosed with hydronephrosis who underwent CT urography. Prior to the examination, the patient had drunk 600 ml of black tea. Examination using CT Scan GE Revolution ACT 32 slices with axial, coronal and sagittal images. The results of the image are then taken to a radiologist and a radiographer to assess the image quality and anatomical clarity in the form of an interview. The results showed that the patient drank 600 ml of plain black tea on a CT-Scan urography examination in cases of Hydronephrosis could open or clarify the ureteral tract, making it easier for doctors to read out radiographs. The use of tea was able to reveal the ureteral groove and facilitate tracking. Black tea with natural ingredients has the opportunity to be a substitute for iodine contrast media which uses chemicals in CT Urography so as to reduce the potential for allergies and side effects to patients and is inexpensive. Studies related to the ratio of black tea and water can be carried out to obtain an optimal density value.

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This study discusses the results of independent learning by assisting learning in PKB subjects specifically students of speech class XI SLALB SLB Negeri 2 Bantul. Total population of 7 students with census techniques, the population used as research. From the analysis results obtained t count of 13.28 while t table at a significance level of 5% of 2.26. With t arithmetic> t table there is a difference in independent learning achievement with Mentoring learning. Thus the hypothesis "It is suspected that the learning achievement of students who are mentoring is better than the learning achievement of students who are self-learning in Civics subjects in speech impaired students of class XI SLALB SLB Negeri 2 Bantul 2016/2017 Academic Year".

Hysterosalpingography (HSG) is the most commonly used imaging diagnostic to determine the tubal patency in patient with indications of infertility. The technique used in the HSG procedure is different in some studies. The aim of this study was to determine the technique of hysterosalpingography (HSG) examination with patients suspected of infertility in dr.R. Soetrasno Rembang hospital. The method was a case study approach. Results showed HSG examination using plain photo Anteroposterior (AP) projection, AP projection with 3 cc contrast media and 7 cc contrast media, then post evacuation. The AP projection already revealed uterus, fallopian tubes, spill on the peritoneum, reduce radiation dose, and the pain of patients. They used 3 cc and 7 cc of contrast media because the examination did not use fluoroscopy. The 3 cc of contrast media views the uterus only then 7 cc view the fallopian tube and its spill. HSG plays a crucial role to determine the cause of infertility, especially to evaluate the morphology and patency of the fallopian tubes in women so the radiology team should become familiar with examination techniques used, give the patient education to avoid movement, and hold their body motionless also taking a mild pain reliever before the HSG examination.