This study aims to describe the learning barriers experienced by students in material around square. This study uses qualitative method, with data collection used the form of interviews, observations, and instrument test questions as many 5 questions that have been validated by experts. The research subjects were 7 students and 1 fourth grade teacher at SDN 1 Sindangrasa. Creating an optimal learning process does not only focus on mastering the material possessed by the teacher, however, it must also attention to learning barriers experienced by students, students are able to understand the material as a whole. Based on the results the study, students experienced 4 types learning obstacles in the rectangular perimeter material, learning obstacle type 1 related to students' difficulties in understanding the concept of flat square shape, learning obstacle type 2 related to students' lack of understanding in the concept of the square circumference formula, type 3 learning obstacle student difficulties perimeter of square, learning obstacle type 4 students' incomprehension in completing stories related the perimeter of the square. There are 3 factors cause students experience learning barriers including ontogenic barriers (students' readiness to learn), didactic barriers (teachers' didactic aspects) and epistemological barriers (student knowledge has limited context).
Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh adanya temuan learning obstacle yang dialami siswa pada materi keliling persegi. Hal ini diketahui berdasarkan hasil soal tes yang dilakukan pada saat studi pendahuluan kepada siswa kelas IV Sekolah Dasar. Untuk mengatasi learning obstacle yang dialami siswa, peneliti akan merancang sebuah desain didaktis. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan desain didaktis pada materi keliling persegi serta memaparkan respon siswa dan guru terhadap implementasi desain didaktis tersebut. Desain didaktis dapat diartikan sebagai desain pembelajaran yang lebih menekankan pada aspek didaktik yakni cara pengajaran guru. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan desain penelitian Didactical Design Research (DDR) yang terdiri dari tiga tahap penelitian, yakni analisis situasi didaktis sebelum pembelajaran (prospective analysis) berupa Desain Didaktis Hipotesis termasuk ADP (Analisis Didaktis Pedagogis), analisis metapedadidaktif, dan analisis retrospektif (retrospective analysis), dengan teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan berupa wawancara, observasi, dan skala sikap. Subjek penelitian yaitu 26 siswa kelas IV dan VI serta 1 guru kelas IV SDN 1 Sindangrasa. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, melalui penerapan desain didaktis yang dilakukan pada tahap I dan II dapat membantu mengatasi learning obstacle yang dialami siswa pada materi keliling persegi. Hal ini ditunjukkan dari respon siswa pada skala sikap, hasil pengerjaan LAS (Lembar Aktivitas Siswa) serta wawancara terhadap guru. Selain itu, desain didaktis mampu menciptakan suasana pembelajaran yang menyenangkan dan bermakna bagi siswa.
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