BackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common fatal cancer and an important healthcare problem worldwide. There are many studies describing the prognostic and predictive effects of epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (c-erb-B2) and epidermal growth factor receptor 1 (EGFR), transmembrane tyrosine kinases that influence cell growth and proliferation in many tumors.ObjectivesThe current study aimed to investigate the expression levels of c-erb-B2, EGFR, PTEN, mTOR, PI3K, p27, and ERCC1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and their correlation with other clinicopathologic features.Patients and MethodsFifty HCC cases were stained immunohistochemically with these markers. Correlations between the markers and clinicopathologic characteristics and survival rates were analyzed.ResultsNo membranous c-erb-B2 staining was seen, whereas cytoplasmic positivity was present in 92% of HCC samples, membranous EGFR was observed in 40%, PI3K was found in all samples, and mTOR was seen in 30%, whereas reduced or absent PTEN expression was observed in 56% of samples and loss of p27 was seen in 92% of the cases. c-erb-B2 and mTOR overexpression, as well as reduced expression of p27, all correlated with multiple tumors (P = 0.041, P < 0.001, and P < 0.001, respectively). P27 loss, and mTOR and EGFR positivity were significantly correlated with AFP (P = 0.047, P = 0.004, and P = 0.008, respectively). Angiolymphatic invasion was more commonly seen in EGFR- and ERCC1-positive cases (P = 0.003 and P = 0.005). EGFR was also correlated with histological grade (P = 0.039). No significant correlations were found among PTEN , PI3K, and the clinicopathological parameters. Disease-free or overall survival rates showed significant differences among therapy modalities, AFP levels, angiolymphatic or lymph node invasions, and ERCC1 and p27 expression levels (P < 0.05).Conclusionsc-erb-B2, EGFR, mTOR, ERCC1 overexpression levels, and loss of p27 may play roles in hepatocarcinogenesis and may be significant predictors of aggressive tumor behavior. These markers were found to be correlated with certain clinicopathologic features, therapy modalities, and survival rates in the current study. These findings may help in planning new, targeted treatment strategies .

Metastasis to female genital tract are most commonly seen in the ovaries and it is very rare for uterus to have metastasis from extragenital organs. Metastatic carcinoma in an endometrial polyp is exceptional and presented as case reports in the literature. The presented case was a 52 year old woman, having metastatic breast carcinoma of invasive ductal type. She admitted to the gynecology department, with the complaint of postmenapausal bleeding. The pathological examination revealed a hyperplastic endometrial polyp, having a focus of epiteloid cellular infiltration in the stroma. The immunohistochemical staining showed these cells to be CD 10 negative, Pancytkeratin and GCDFP-15 positive. Pathological diagnosis was hyperplastic polyp, with focal carcinoma infiltration (compatible with breast carcinoma). The curettage specimens of the patients being followed for breast carcinoma is frequently seen in the daily routine of the pathology. The probability of metastatic disease must be kept in mind and the whole curretage materials must be evaluated. The pathological examination must be carefully made for the exclusion of a metastatic carcinoma. Keywords: Endometrium, metastasis, breast carcinoma, endometrial polyp Özet Kadın genital sistemde metastazlar en sık overlerde görülür ve uterus için ekstragenital organlar dışından metastaz alımı çok nadirdir. Endometrial polipe metastaz ististani bir durum olup, literatürde olgu sunumları şeklinde yer almaktadır. Sunulan olgu 52 yaşında, metastatik invaziv duktal tip meme karsinomu olan kadın hastadır. Hasta jinekoloji bölümüne postmenapozal kanama şikayeti ile başvurdu. Patolojik incelemede hiperplastik tipte endometrial polip ve fokal bir alanda stroma içinde epiteloid hücre infiltrasyonu izlendi. İmmunohistokimyasal incelemede bu hücrelerin CD10 negatif, Pansitokeratin ve GCDFP-15 ile pozitif olduğu görüldü. Patolojik tanı fokal karsinom infiltrasyonu (meme kanseri ile uyumlu) içeren hiperplastik polip olarak raporlandı. Meme karsinomu tanısı ile takip edilen hastalara ait küretaj materyalleri patoloji rutininde sıkça yer almaktadır. Metastatik hastalık olasılığı akılda tutulmalı, materyalin tamamı incelemeye alınmalı ve patolojik inceleme; metastatik hastalığı ekarte etmek üzere dikkatle yapılmalıdır. Anahtar sözcükler: Karsinoma, duktal, meme, tümör metastazı, endometriyal tümörler Geliş tarihi