The development of moderate malnutrition and cell-mediated immune function was studied in 71 Colombian infants from birth through 2 yr of age. Based upon weight-for-age criteria 31 remained normal, 33 were classified as grade I, and seven were grade II malnourished at the end of their 2nd yr of life. Delayed hypersensitivity reactions to purified protein derivative were significantly reduced in all malnourished children 8 wk after Bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccination at birth, and also at 2 yr in the Grade II group. Nearly half of the latter group could not be sensitized to dinitrochlorobenzene at 2 yr of age. A 50% reduction in the blastogenic response of peripheral blood lymphocytes to phytohemagglutinin in vitro was detected in grade II children. Both mildly and moderately malnourished infants exhibited a significant reduction in tonsil size at 2 yr of age. These results indicate that a majority of newborns in this poor, urban setting will develop measurable malnutrition associated with impaired cell-mediated immune function before their 2nd birthday.

Substances in colostrum and breast milk confer significant disease resistance to the breast-fed infant. The influence of maternal nutritional status on both immunological and nonimmunological milk factors was studied in a group of 23 Colombian women during the first 2 months of lactation. Maternal malnutrition was characterized by significantly lower weight/height ratio, creatinine/height index, total serum proteins, serum albumin, and serum IgG and IgA. The colostrum of malnourished mothers contained only one-third the normal concentration of immunoglobulin G and less than half the normal level of albumin. Significant reductions in colostrum levels of IgA and the fourth component of complement (C4) were also observed in the malnourished group. No differences were observed in colostral concentrations of lysozyme, C3 complement, or IgM. Titers of antibody in milk directed against respiratory syncytial virus were not influenced by maternal nutritional status. The differences noted above tended to disappear in mature milk, concomitant with improvement in the nutritional status of malnourished mothers during the first several weeks postpartum. We conclude that the protective qualities of colostrum and milk may be significantly influenced by maternal nutritional status.

Introduction: Catheter ablation is a well-established therapy for atrial fibrillation (AF), with a promising impact on heart failure (HF) outcomes. We aimed to assess the impact of AF ablation on echocardiographic and clinical parameters in patients with HF, and to assess factors associated with improvement of the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Methods: Patients with HF and LVEF<50% who underwent radiofrequency AF ablation in 5 high-volume Brazilian centers were prospectively enrolled. All patients underwent transthoracic echocardiography before the procedure and during follow-up, and the analysis by the examiner was considered. The primary outcome was LVEF normalization (≥50%) at follow-up. Clinical, echocardiographic, and procedural variables associated with the primary outcome were assessed by logistic regression. Results: From 2018 - 2022, 85 patients were included, being 59 (69%) males, mean age 66±12 years. Of these, 27 were in NYHA functional class 3/4 and 71 (83%) had persistent AF. Pre-procedural LVEF was 38±7%, and 25 (29%) had LVEF<35%. Complications occurred in 3 patients (2 vascular access and 1 endocarditis). In the 12±10 month follow-up, there was a substantial improvement of the LVEF to 54±14% (p<0.001), and 60 (71%) achieved LVEF normalization. 59 patients (69%) had LVEF improvement ≥10%, only 6 remained in NYHA class 3/4, and AF recurred in 13 (15%). Three patients died during follow-up, and none had LVEF normalization. Predictors of LVEF normalization were: pre-ablation LVEF (OR=1.24, 95%CI 1.12-1.37), left atrial diameter (OR=0.88, 95%CI 0.82-0.95), Chagasic etiology (OR=0.14, 95%CI 0.03-0.77) and indication of amiodarone (OR=0.26, 95%CI 0.09-0.72) and ACEi/ARB (OR=0.25, 95%CI 0.08-0.75, p=0.02). In the multivariable model, independent predictors were: baseline LVEF (OR=1.25, 95% CI 1.10-1.41, p<0.001), left atrial diameter (OR=0.88, 95%CI 0.79-0.98, p=0.02), Chagasic etiology (OR=0.07, 95%CI 0.01-0.74, p=0.03) and indication of ACEi/ARB: (OR: 0.11, 95%CI 0.02-0.63, p=0.01). Conclusion: AF ablation in patients with HF resulted in echocardiographic and functional improvement, with low complication rates. Less clinical severity and morpho-functional impairment associated with LVEF normalization.

RESUMOSialolitíase é uma afecção que afeta as glândulas salivares ou seus ductos, caracterizada pela presença de estruturas calcificadas, denominadas de sialolitos, com crescimento lento e gradual, geralmente assintomático, dificultando ou impedindo o fluxo normal de saliva. Devido à ausência de relatos na literatura nacional, descreve-se o caso de uma égua de 15 anos, que apresentava um sialolito de 13cm no ducto parotídico havia mais de dois anos, próximo à crista facial. O diagnóstico foi realizado por meio do exame clínico: visualização do aumento de volume, palpação do sialolito, avaliação odontológica; e de exames complementares: radiografia e ultrassonografia. Optou-se pelo tratamento cirúrgico, através do acesso percutâneo, pois é o mais indicado para cálculos grandes, realizando-se sutura do ducto de Stenon, sem presença de fístulas no pós-operatório. Foi de extrema importância a avaliação e os cuidados odontológicos durante a realização do procedimento, pois as pontas dentárias facilitam a formação dos cálculos. palato e nas regiões bucais. A glândula parótida possui um formato retangular com comprimento de 20 a 25cm, a glândula mandibular tem formato alongado, estreito e com a borda dorsal côncava, sendo menor que a glândula parótida

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