Background. International successes, especially in the Olympic Games, have become significantly important to many countries. Hence, the prediction can be better planning to gain this goal. Objectives. This study was conducted to predict the success of the participating countries in the Tokyo Olympic Games and this it was done using smart methods. Methods. This study was conducted in two stages of qualitative (determination of indicators) and quantitative (collecting data on selected countries). In the first stage of the research, through a study of research background and collecting of library data, a preliminary list of predictive indicators was identified. In the next step, semi-structured and in-depth qualitative interviews as non-random purposive were conducted with four elites aware of the subject of the research. The discussions continued until theoretical saturation. Results. According to the results of the research, the United States, China, and England will be ranked first to third in these games. The Islamic Republic of Iran will also be ranked 21 among the participating teams. Also, the coefficients of the predictive indicators of the rank of the countries participating in the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games were calculated. Olympic Hosting. GDP per capita and the unemployment rate had the highest share in predicting countries, with 24.15%, 10.04% and 9.74%, respectively. Conclusion. Using the theoretical model (PEST+S) and the neural network model, the countries' sports policymakers were enabled to use the identified indicators and components in their future planning to successfully participate in the Olympics Games.

After coaches and athletes, referees are the third side of sporting events. If the judgment is done properly, the result of competition will be determined according to skill and tactical superiority; otherwise, other environmental factors may affect the result of competition. Personality is one of the distinctive aspects of every individual's life. Personality characteristics predispose an individual to perform various actions in specific situations. Football is one of the most stressful jobs and it seems personality is one the most important factors in Judgment method of referees. This study examines the relationship between extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, openness to experience and performance of referees. The research method used was correlation. All 61 premier League Soccer's Referees (the season 2012-2011) were selected as the study population. Due to the limitation of population, all subjects were considered as the sample. The NEO Personality Inventory (60 items and 5 scales) wasused. For collecting the data, researcher visited Tehran's referees in their training location; questionnaire was sent via e-mail to the referees in other cities. The SPSS software was used for data analysis. Results showed that there was significant relationship between personality dimensions and judgment methods. There was a positive relationship between flexibility and judgment quality. Also, the present study showed there was not significant relationship between neuroticism, extraversion, agreeableness and judgment quality.

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Introduction: In recent years, exercise and physical activity have become common, and given sports psychology development, the desire for physical activity plays a vital role in influencing peoples mental health. Aim: This study is conducted to examine the effect of passion for physical activity on the psychological well-being of sports facilities participants. Method: The method is descriptive-correlation based on structural equation modeling. The population was all participants in sports facilities of Tehran, District 15, in 2021. The sample size was determined by Gpower 3.1, and 348 people were selected by the simple random sampling method. In order to collect data, the Passion for Physical Activity Scale (Vallerand et al., 2003), Satisfaction with Life Scale (Bails et al. 1998), Self-neglect and Physical Injury Experience Scale (Louis et al., 2016) were used. Statistical analysis was conducted by structural equations modeling with SPSS-24 and Smart PLS-3. Results: The results of structural equation modeling showed that obsessive (p=0.001) and harmonious (p=0.003) passions have a significant negative and positive effect on self-neglect. Also, obsessive passion has a significant positive effect on satisfaction with life, and obsessive passion has a significant positive effect on workout injury (p=0.001). Finally, self-neglect has a significant negative effect on satisfaction with life (p=0.001), but no significant effect was observed on the workout injury (p=0.204). Conclusion: The results show that obsessive and harmonious passions negatively and positively affect psychological well-being. Managers and officials should develop sports activities in intervention strategies to improve satisfaction and psychological well-being.