From the bankruptcy filing of Enron on December 2, 2001 for the next 12 months, an unprecedented string of large bankruptcies and corporate scandals emerged. Six of the ten largest corporate bankruptcies occurred in this 12-month period. Of these six, all received unmodified opinions and four of the six (WorldCom, Enron, Global Crossing, and UAL Corp) were clients of Arthur Andersen. As it is very clear external auditors play vital role in our society, on the other words, financial statement users must believe that external auditors are free from others control, or users will doubt the verity of auditors' representations. Auditor independence provides investors confidence in audited financial statements. Further, auditor independence is the cornerstone of the public accounting profession (Mednick, 1990). Any threat to audit independence may undermine this confidence. The impairment or lack of auditor independence is a main cause of many corporate collapses and corporate scandals across the world. Without independence the audit quality and audit detection duty is questionable. The results of this study shows that specialization of IACPA strongly affects on fraud detection, in addition the competency of IACPA member affects on detecting important fraud.

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Investment decisions are normally accomplished based on fundamental or technical methods. However, there are many cases where investors make their investment decisions based on their emotions. This study investigates the effects of various factors including biases representation, mental accounting and risk aversion when an investment decision is executed. In other words, the study examines the effects of emotional intelligence components on retail investors' investment strategies on Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE). The proposed study selects a sample of 270 investors who had some experiences on TSE randomly and using a questionnaire based survey detected that there was a positive and meaningful relationship between emotional intelligence and investment decisions.

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Information technology plays an important role on increasing internal control in many organizations. In this paper, we present an empirical study to measure the impact of information technology, hiring high quality skilled management team, using high quality standards and increasing employees' awareness on managing internal control. The survey uses a questionnaire based on Likert scale and distributes among the people who work in either administration or financial sectors of governmental agencies in province of Zanjan, Iran. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of information technology positively influences management team to control their system, more effectively, using more skilled and specialized managers positively influences management internal control, an organization with suitable standard positively influences management internal control and increasing employees' awareness positively influences management internal control.