Mucormycosis is a deadly invasive fungal infection and mainly affects immunocompromised patients. To investigate the clinical features of patients who developed mucormycosis and to determine the parameters, which influenced the outcome following mycotic infection. The current investigation retrospectively evaluated the demographic characteristics, clinical features, therapeutic data, as well as the outcomes of treatment in all cases of proven and probable mucormycosis diagnosed from 2002 until 2016 in our hospital. A total of thirty cases were recorded. Rhizopus spp. was the predominant pathogen among the identified Mucorales (26.7%). Diabetes mellitus (46.7%) and haematological malignancy (40%), were the most common underlying diseases. With regard to predisposing factors, neutropenia (43.3%) and chemotherapy (40%) were the leading concomitant parameters. The most frequent sites of infection were lung (30%) and sinus (26.7%), whereas disseminated infection was also found in nine of 30 patients (30%). Neutropenia remained the only independent factor associated with mortality (Relative Risk=3.557, 95% CI=1.365-9.271, P=.009). Diagnostic delay -either due to delayed presentation of patients to our centre or insufficient awareness about invasive fungal infection among our clinicians- is a likely explanation for such a high mortality rate in our series.

Introduction: Foreign body aspiration is a very serious problem and the diversity of clinical protests in each geographic region has its own characteristics and common problems of childhood that is an important cause of mortality and morbidity. No area is separate from this problem and conducting this research is due to achieve basic information regarding foreign body aspiration. Materials and Methods:This was performed as descriptive -cross sectional study on 200 cases that has been hospitalized in Imam Khomeini Hospital, Urmia due to foreign body aspiration problem from 2009 to 2011. And all cases of foreign body aspiration records extracted and analyzed using SPSS 16 software.Results: Foreign body aspiration under 4 years was 57% and was more common in males than females; approximately 74% of patients were hospitalized in the first 10 days and 13% of patients did not remember the initial incident that led to the aspiration. Cough and shortness of breath and reduced lung sounds and wheezing were common symptoms. Chest radiographic findings are not specific and can be normal of a high percentage. The most common aspirated foreign body was food especially sunflower seeds. Right bronchus with 55% of cases was more common than the left bronchus and all patients were treated with rigid bronchoscopy, 24% of patients had complications, 15% had hospitalized with pneumonia. Totally, 75% of patients were urban residents. Discussion:We need to understand all the aspects related to foreign body aspiration and education to the community, to recognize symptoms and type of foreign body in terms of geographical area and to create a strong clinical suspicion in physicians and awareness of its prevalence that by reducing the incidence and early detecting and treatment can reduce the mortality and morbidity and prevent additional expenses.

Introduction:Chronic media otitis is a common cause of reference to ear, nose and throat clinics and the treatment is one of the health problems among ENT specialists. Ciprofloxacin drop that is of fluoroquinolone drug class due to good treatment effect is now widely used in the treatment of chronic media otitis. Due to the widespread use, it seems proper research on the human population has not been taken to ensure its non-toxicity in the inner ear, therefore comparison of local ciprofloxacin ototoxicity with systemic in chronic media otitis is investigated in this study.Materials and Methods:This study was conducted as a randomized clinical trial. Prospective methods were considered and the number of samples in the study group was 40 patients that were treated with ciprofloxacin drops. And in the control group 32 patients with chronic media otitis who were treated with ciprofloxacin tablets. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS software.Results:Statistical indicators of different frequencies in air conduction (AC) in both groups showed, there was significant improvement in hearing thresholds at frequencies of 250, 8000, 1000 in air conduction for the group receiving drops compared to the group receiving tablet. Based on statistical indicators in different frequencies of bone conduction in the two treated groups, there was significant difference in the two groups receiving tablets and drops only at a frequency of 4000Hz that drop impact improves hearing threshold and in contrast in the group receiving tablet hearing loss was seen in the frequency of 4000.Discussion:Topical ciprofloxacin is a safe and uncomplicated ototoxic drug that is an effective antibiotic used in the treatment of refractory chronic otitis those dregs such as pseudomonas aerogenusa and staphylococci resistant to methicillin are responsible for it, which in the usual doses has not harmful effects on hearing hairy cells.

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