No abstract

Obesity is a disease that gives rise to metabolic syndrome problems as a contributor to all health problems associated with an unhealthy lifestyle. The purpose of this literature review is to determine the condition of obesity in adolescents based on urban and rural areas. This study is a literature review that focuses on discussing adolescent obesity in urban and rural areas. The results of this literature review show differences in the frequency and duration of physical activity and variations in consumption menus in overweight and obese adolescents based on regional differences. Differences in rural-urban areas in dealing with obesity problems require different intervention approaches.

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed human life, including health-related lifestyles. This literature review aims to analyse the incidence of obesity in adolescents during the Covid 19 pandemic. This study used the article analysis method to obtain an overview of the incidence of obesity in adolescents during the Covid 19 pandemic. Of the ten articles that met the criteria for our analysis, we found that influencing obesity during the Covid 19 period is the problem of lack of activity, increasing sedentary lifestyle, high excessive calorie intake, and the emergence of anxiety factors. Therefore, in dealing with the problem of obesity in adolescents during the COVID-19 period, they are more likely to pay attention to shifting lifestyle conditions and mental health awareness in handling it.

Dyslipidemia is a risk factor that triggers the emergence of cardiovascular disease, resulting in many deaths worldwide. This review article aims to examine the anti-cholesterol potential of olive oil extract (Olea europaea L.). This study is a literature review to explore the anti-cholesterol potential of olive oil extract (Olea europaea L.). The results of this literature review show several papers that discuss the pattern of fat consumption much higher than others where subjects experience an increase in HDL levels caused by olive oil extract. In addition, increasing HDL cholesterol levels can reduce LDL and total cholesterol levels in the blood. Therefore, using Olive oil can be recommended as an ingredient to reduce the problem of dyslipidemia.

Birth weight is an essential indicator in assessing a baby's health and a factor that affects the baby's long-term health. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the Body Mass Index (BMI), Hemoglobin levels, and Blood Pressure of mothers during pregnancy and to birth weight of the baby. The study used a cross-sectional survey of a group of mothers who gave birth in Makassar. The data on mothers during pregnancy was the maternal history recorded in the mother and Child Health Book (KIA). And the data on the birth weight of the baby was also from the KIA book with the support of secondary data from the Community Health Center and Midwife. The results showed that 41.7% of the low-birth-weight babies had mothers who experienced underweight during pregnancy, 83.3% of the low-birth-weight babies had mothers who experienced Anemia during pregnancy, and 66.7% of the low-birth-weight babies had mothers who experienced hypertension during pregnancy. There was a significant and close relationship between the mother's BMI, Hemoglobin levels, and Blood Pressure to the baby's birth weight. There was a meaningful relationship between the mother's Body Mass Index, Anemia, and Hypertension during pregnancy to low birth weight. Therefore, it is important to maintain a good quality of nutrition for mothers both before and during pregnancy, following Islamic teachings that Allah SWT has decreed for every pregnant woman a thousand good deeds every day and erases a thousand misdeeds as motivation to remain strong throughout the pregnancy process.