No abstract

Candidiasis is an acute and subacute fungal infection caused by the Candida group, especially Candida albicans. Infectious diseases due to microbes can be treated using modern drugs, namely antifungals. In some cases, antimicrobials often develop resistance due to improper administration. The occurrence of such resistance encourages further research on new active ingredients that can be used as antimicrobial alternatives, especially from plant sources containing flavonoids. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of antimicrobial content of ethanol extract 70% of Telang flowers on the growth of C. albicans. This research is a laboratory experimental research with post test control group design only method. Determination of antimicrobial activity is carried out by the pitting method. Telang flower extract that has been diluted with 10% DMSO, taken as much as 30µl then dripped into the well. Positive control using antimicrobial ketocenazole and negative control using DMSO 10% which was dripped on the well as much as 30µl. Based on the results of observations, the inhibition zone is only formed in positive control with an average of 15.5 + 0.4 mm. The results of ethanol extract of 70% Telang flowers that have been conducted did not show antimicrobial activity against fungal growth C. albicans. The absence of this inhibitory zone is due to the unknown concentration of active compounds of Telang flowers that are responsible as antimicrobials, so it is necessary to conduct research on the search for concentrations of active compounds that have the ability as antimicrobials.

Sleep quality is a state lived by an individual to produce freshness and fitness after waking up. If a person's sleep quality is poor it will cause a decrease in the body's immune system and Hb levels which causes the individual to feel easily tired, sleepy and susceptible to disease. Adolescents are identified as a population at high risk of experiencing sleep problems which disrupt sleep quality. Accumulated work and lifestyle are one of the factors causing poor sleep patterns in adolescents which makes it easier for them to experience sleep disturbances. Adolescents with high risk certainly need adequate knowledge regarding the importance of maintaining quality sleep related to the body's immune system and Hb levels. Increased knowledge and examination can be carried out by laboratory personnel with health counseling and laboratory tests. The purpose of this community service is to increase the knowledge of adolescents to maintain good quality sleep so that Hb levels and body immunity are maintained. This community service implementation method consists of three stages, namely the preparation, implementation, and evaluation stages. At the implementation stage, an examination of Hb levels and counting the number of types of leukocytes was carried out as well as education related to the effect of sleep quality on Hb levels and the body's immune system. As a result of community service, adolescents have obtained health status through laboratory tests and good knowledge about the effect of sleep quality on Hb levels and body immunity.

Brucella Abortus infection in cattle is an infection that has a strategic effect on society, especially the economic sector. This disease is caused by gram-negative bacteria, namely Brucella abortion. Treatment of Brucella Abortus Infection in cattle is still not effective. Therapy based on the immune response caused by Brucella Abortus Infection, especially the cytokine response, is an effective choice considering that each type of cow has a different immune response in dealing with Brucella Abortus Infection. The purpose of writing this literature review is to identify cytokines that play a role in Brucella Abortus Infection in cattle. Method: automated PUBMED database search using keywords “Brucella Abortus Bovine”, “Cytokine”, and “Brucellosis”. Results: 11 articles that are relevant and meet the inclusion criteria to analyze the cytokines that play a role in Brucella Abortus Infection in cattle. Conclusion: Cytokines that play a role in Brucella Abortus infection in cattle are generally IL-1, IL-6, IL-12, IL-8, TNF-α, and IFN-γ.

Salmonelosis is a disease caused by the Salmonella sp. that causes a decrease in CD4+ expression. Black grape can boost the immune system through CD4+/CD8+ proliferation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the activity of black grape extract to CD4+ and CD8+ expression in mice infected with Salmonella typhimurium. Research method is extract of black grapes, Salmonella typhimurium 108 infection, bacterial evaluation, extract therapy, flowcytometery examination, and 95% Anova test. The results of Anova test showed that the expression of CD4+ and CD8+ is not different. Biologically, an increase in CD4+ and CD8+ expression at doses of 100 mg/KgBB. A decrease in CD4+ and CD8+ expression at doses of 200 mg/KgBB and 400 mg/KgBB. Conclusion, biologically, black grape extract can increase the expression of CD4+ and CD8+ at low doses, as well as may decrease the expression of CD4+ and CD8+ at moderate to high doses.