No abstract

The recovered fungi were identified up to the genus level-based morphological features. A survey involving 400 respondents among USM staff and students in relation to fungal contamination in indoor air environment was also conducted to evaluate the knowledge on indoor fungi among USM community. The densities of indoor air fungi in Trial 1 were higher; ranging from 81 to 1743 CFU/m 3 , exceeding the recommended level set by the Malaysia Industry Code of Practice (MCPIAQ) in some sampling sites, compared to that of in Trial 2 where the densities ranged from 229 to 699 CFU/m 3 . A total of 154 isolates and 230 isolates of airborne fungi were recovered in Trial 1 and Trial 2, respectively. In total, 11 fungal genera were identified in both trials, and three genera were predominant: Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Cladosporium. The survey also revealed that knowledge of IAQ among staff and students was limited and that they were unaware of fungal contamination and IAQ. A continuous and wide-spread awareness should be implemented at USM main campus for safer and healthier indoor air environments, particularly university students where productivity and efficiency are of the utmost importance. Keywords Indoor air quality • Malaysia • Fungal diversity • Allergens • Awareness Highlights• The fungal densities of indoor air fungi in 2008 were higher than in 2019 • The number of fungal isolates recovered in 2019 is 1.5fold more than that of in 2008 • The three most predominant fungal genera were Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Cladosporium • Age differences had a significant impact on knowledge and awareness concerning fungal contamination and IAQ

Abstract. The collection of 337 specimens of the Chromodoris species was conducted in Sabang island, Indonesia, from 2013 to 2019. The purpose of this study to investigate the biodiversity and their secondary metabolites related by molecular structures. There are 21 species together with the chemical diversity detected by MS/MS molecular networking approach. The results showed that the nudibranch species of C. willani and C. geometrica have the highest abundance species, while C. aureopurpurea has the lowest abundance species. The result of the chemical investigation showed that the class of diterpene derivatives was found from all specimens of Chromodoris genus in Sabang island, the western part of the Indonesian Archipelago.Keywords: Nudibranch, biodiversity, chemical diversity, MS/MS molecular networking, Chromodoris genus

In November 2021, a study on the effect of mangrove density and maturity level on sediment trapping in the Langsa River estuary, Langsa City, was conducted with the objective of determining the density, maturity, and rate of sediment deposition around the mangrove forest, as well as the relationship between mangrove density and maturity level and sediment deposition rate. Mangrove vegetation was collected using a 40 m line transect parallel to the river flow and a 10 x 10 m plot, while sediment samples were collected using a sediment trap. The study's findings indicated that mangrove density varied between 675.00 and 1541.67 ind/ha, that mangrove maturity was uneven, with trunk diameters ranging between 4.14 and 9.83 cm and basal areas ranging between 30.45 and 72.93 m2/ha. Meanwhile, sediment deposition rates ranged between 26.94 and 277.73 mg/cm2/day, with a strong correlation between density and maturity of mangrove vegetation (98% and 99%, respectively).   Penelitian terhadap pengaruh tingkat kerapatan dan kedewasaan hutan mangrove dalam memerangkap sedimen di muara Sungai Langsa Kota Langsa dilakukan pada bulan November 2021 dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat kerapatan, kedewasaan dan laju pengendapan sedimen di sekitar hutan mangrovenya serta untuk mengetahui keterkaitan antara tingkat kerapatan dan kedewasaan hutan mangrove terhadap laju pengendapan sedimennya. Vegetasi mangrove dikumpulkan dengan menarik transek garis sepanjang 40 m yang sejajar dengan aliran sungai dan dibuat plot berukuran 10 x 10 m, sedangkan sampel sedimennya diambil menggunakan sediment trap. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa kerapatan mangrovenya berkisar antara 675.00 – 1541.67 ind/ha, kedewasaan mangrovenya tidak merata dengan diameter batangnya berkisar antara 4.14 – 9.83 cm dan basal areanya berkisar antara 30.45 – 72.93 m2/ha. Sementara untuk laju pengendapan sedimennya berkisar antara 26.94 – 277.73 mg/cm2/hari, dimana keterkaitan antara kerapatan dan kedewasaan vegetasi mangrovenya memiliki hubungan yang kuat (masing-masing 98% dan 99%).

The habitat of the Jurung Fish (Tor tambra) is generally inflowing rivers, rocky bottom waters and relatively low water temperatures. This study aimed to determine the hatchability of the Jurung Fish (Tor tambra) eggs with different temperature treatments using a tray in the aquarium. The research method used is the laboratory experimental method and the experimental design is a non-factorial completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 4 treatments and 4 replications: A (control), B (28°C), C (30°C) and D (32°C). The results showed that the application of different temperatures had a significant effect on the hatching of the Jurung Fish (Tor tambra) eggs. The results of Duncan's further test analysis showed that the 28°C temperature treatment was the best compared to other temperatures. This study recommends that further research is needed on larval abnormalities at different water temperatures.