The scleroderma en coup de sabre is a variant of localized scleroderma that
occurs preferentially in children. The disease progresses with a proliferative
and inflammatory phase and later atrophy and residual deformity, which are
treated with surgical techniques such as injectable fillers, transplanted or
autologous fat grafting and resection of the lesion. Among the most widely used
fillers is hyaluronic acid. However, there are limitations that motivate the
search for alternatives, such as polymethylmethacrylate, a permanent filler that
is biocompatible, non-toxic, non-mutagenic and immunologically inert. In order
to illustrate its application, a case of scleroderma en coup de sabre in a
17-year-old patient, who was treated with polymethylmethacrylate with excellent
aesthetic results, is reported.
The presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was sought in cervical scrapings from 110 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected women to evaluate the role of these viruses as risk factors for squamous intraepithelial lesions of the cervix. By using PCR, presence of HPV-DNA and EBV-DNA was found in 60.9% (67/110) and in 10% (11/110) of clinical samples, respectively. Identification of oncogenic group of HPV by hybrid capture (HC II, Murex-Digene) indicated the presence of low-risk HPV in 13 (19.4%) patients, high-risk HPV in 28 (41.8%), and both types of HPV in 26 (38.8%) patients. Squamous intraepithelial lesions were present in 59 cases, being low-grade (n = 52) and high-grade (n = 7) lesions. HPV was detected in 84.7% of patients with lesions, in association with low-grade (43/52) and high-grade lesions (7/7), and in 33% of patients without lesions. EBV-DNA was detected in 8 patients with low-grade lesions and in 3 patients without lesions. Concurrent genital HPV and EBV infection was observed in 9 cases. HPV was associated with detection of squamous intraepithelial lesions [OR = 3.55; 95% CI = (1.96; 6.48)]. No significant association was found between presence of EBV and detection of lesions, both in case of EBV infection alone [OR = 1.4; 95% CI = (0. 93; 2.12)] and in case of HPV/EBV combined infection [OR = 0.87; 95%CI = (0.54; 1.42)]. These data confirm the significant role of HPV as risk factor for squamous intraepithelial lesions and suggest that EBV could not be involved in the pathogenesis of the lesions that arise in the cervix of HIV-positive women.
Eccrine syringofibroadenoma is a rare benign adnexal neoplasm derived from cells of
the acrosyringium of eccrine sweat glands. ESFA usually manifests as a solitary
nodule on the extremities of elderly patients, but it may also present as papules,
nodules or plaques. Its clinical appearance is nonspecific and malignant neoplasms
should beconsidered in the differential diagnosis. However, histopathological
findings are typical. The main treatment is surgical excision. In order to illustrate
a typical presentation of the tumor, we report a case of solitary eccrine
syringofibroadenoma, including the surgical treatment used and its result.
Cutaneous protothecosis is a rare infection caused by achlorophyllic algae of the
genus Prototheca. The lesions usually occur on exposed areas, related with trauma, in
immunocompromised patients. The most common clinical presentation is a vesicobullous
and ulcerative lesion with pustules and scabs, simulating bacterial, fungal or
herpetic infections or eczema. The diagnosis is determined by agent identification
through histopathology, culture and the carbohydrates assimilation test. The finding
of morula-like spherules is characteristic of Prototheca sp. Its
rarity and non-specific clinical aspect may difficult the disease diagnosis. We
report a case of a diabetic patient, in chronic use of systemic corticosteroids, that
developed a skin lesion after trauma to the right leg.
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