RESUMOÉ crescente o número de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica para tratamento da obesidade mórbida; devido a isso, estão reaparecendo deficiências nutricionais com as quais muitos médicos já não estão familiarizados. No pós-operatório, podem ocorrer vários distúrbios nutricionais, sendo um deles a deficiência de tiamina (beribéri). A deficiência de tiamina e/ou vitamina B12 pode corresponder a 40% dos casos de neuropatia após a cirurgia bariátrica. Serão descritos dois pacientes com a clínica de neuropatia periférica e síndrome de Wernicke-Korsakoff. Alguns meses após a cirurgia, eles apresentaram prostração, depressão, confusão mental e nistagmo, associados a dor e parestesia dos membros (principalmente inferiores). Com a hipótese diagnóstica de beribéri, foi iniciado o tratamento com tiamina. Um dos pacientes apresentou melhora completa do quadro neurológico, porém o outro permaneceu com déficit motor, sendo aquele em que decorreu o maior tempo entre o aparecimento dos sintomas e o início do tratamento. Estes casos servem para nos alertar sobre a importância da vigilância nutricional após a cirurgia bariátrica. The number of patients submitted to bariatric surgery to treat morbid obesity is increasing, therefore, some nutritional deficiencies, with which many physicians are no longer familiarized, are reappearing. Postoperatively, many nutritional disorders may occur, one of them is thiamine deficiency (beriberi). The thiamine and/or vitamin B12 deficiency can correspond to 40% of the neuropathy cases after bariatric surgery. Two patients with the clinic of peripheral neuropathy and Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome will be reported. Some months after the surgery, they presented prostration, depression, mental confusion and nystagmus, associated with pain and paresthesia in limbs (especially lower limbs). With the diagnostic hypothesis of beriberi, the treatment with thiamine started. One of the patients presented complete improvement of the neurological symptoms, however the other one remained with motor deficiency, exactly the one who spent a longer period of time between the symptoms appearance and the treatment beginning. These cases serve to alert us about the importance of nutritional vigilance after bariatric surgery. (Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab 2006;50/3:564-568)

Bacterial spot, caused by Xanthomonas spp., is one of the major diseases of pepper in Brazil, causing considerable losses to crop productivity. The efficient management of the disease is hampered by the high variability of the causal agents. In Brazil, there is no knowledge of which species of Xanthomonas occurs on pepper. In this study, 59 strains of Xanthomonas spp. isolated from different pepper-producing regions of Brazil were characterized by biochemical and molecular techniques. Results showed the prevalence of X. euvesicatoria as the causal agent of bacterial spot on pepper in Brazil.

Alternative hosts are an important way of phytopathogenic bacteria survival between crop seasons, constituting a source of inoculum for the following crops. Bacterial wilt, caused by Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens (Cff), is one of the most important diseases for common bean, and little information is available about the host range of the bacterium. In this study, we assessed possible alternative hosts for Cff, especially those cultivated during winter, in rotation systems with common bean. Plants of barley, black oat, canola, radish, ryegrass, wheat and white oat, were assessed under field and greenhouse conditions. Cff colonized epiphytically all plant species and endophytically black oat, ryegrass, wheat and white oat plants assessed in the greenhouse assays. Under field conditions, Cff colonized all plant species by except radish. All bacterial strains re-isolated from the plants were pathogenic to common bean and identified as Cff by PCR with specific primers. Based on our results, the cultivation of bean crop in succession with barley, black oat, canola, ryegrass, wheat and white oat should not be recommended, mainly in areas with a history of bacterial wilt occurrence. In these cases, the better option for crop rotation during the winter is radish, a non-alternative host for Cff.

Bacterial wilt caused by Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens is among the diseases that affect Phaseolus vulgaris L. This disease has been frequently detected in bean fields and causes severe production losses in Brazil. The aim of this research was to examine the genetic diversity existing among twenty-four isolates of C. flaccumfaciens collected from their native and alternative host, and a collection of sixty strains belonging to four phytopathogenic pathovars preserved at the French Collection for Plant-associated Bacteria (CIRM-CFBP) by multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) based on six housekeeping genes (atpD, dnaK, gyrB, ppK, recA and rpoB). A phylogenetic tree with the concatenated sequences of six genes showed high genetic diversity among the strains. For instance, strains belonging to C. f. pv. flaccumfaciens do not cluster together within the species. Similar results were obtained with a minimal MLSA scheme using gyrB and recA, which we propose for reliable identification at the species level of Curtobacterium isolates. No correlation was identified between phylogeny and pathogenicity in the Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens strains analyzed in this work. The specific primers CffFOR2 and CffREV4 designed by Tegli et al. (2002) to detect C. f. pv. flaccumfaciens in naturally infected bean seeds proved to be efficient for the detection of bean-pathogenic strains. Response to Reviewers:We'd like to thank the reviewers for their precise and thorough work on our manuscript. Your work greatly helped us to improve the quality of the manuscript.

Bacterial spot, caused by Xanthomonas spp., is one of the major bacterial diseases in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). The infection results in reduced crop yield, particularly during periods of high rainfall and temperature, due to the low efficiency of chemical control with copper bactericides. This study evaluated the copper and zinc sulfate sensitivity of 59 pathogenic strains of Xanthomonas euvesicatoria isolated from pepper plants produced in various regions throughout Brazil. Both the respective sulfates and a mixture thereof was evaluated at 50, 100, 200 and 400 μg.mL -1 . All the evaluated strains were found to be resistant to zinc sulfate (100 μg.mL -1 ) and 86.4% were resistant to copper sulfate (200 μg.mL -1 ). The mixture of copper (200 μg.mL -1 ) and zinc (200 μg.mL -1 ) sulfates inhibited the growth of all strains of X. euvesicatoria.To our knowledge this is the first study to report the resistance of X. euvesicatoria strains from pepper plants to copper and zinc sulfates in Brazil.