In order to validate the use of heart rate (HR) in describing and monitoring physiological demands during soccer activities, the HR versus oxygen uptake ( V(.)O(2)) relationship determined on the field during soccer-specific exercises was compared to that found in the laboratory during treadmill exercise. Seven male amateur soccer players [mean (SE), age 25.3 (1.2) years, body mass 72.9 (2.1) kg, stature 1.76 (0.03) m] performed three trials on the field (two laps of a purpose-made circuit including a variety of soccer activities) at different intensities (moderate, high and very high, according to their rate of perceived exertion) and an incremental test on a treadmill in the laboratory. HR increased linearly with V(.)O(2) during both field and laboratory tests according to exercise intensity ( P<0.01). The mean correlation coefficients of the HR- V(.)O(2) relationships obtained in the laboratory and on the field were 0.984 (0.012) and 0.991 (0.005) ( P<0.001), respectively. The mean value of the HR- V(.)O(2) regression equation slope and intercept obtained in laboratory [0.030 (0.002) and 79.6 (4.6), respectively] were not significantly different compared to those found on the field [0.032 (0.003) and 76.7 (9.7)]. The present study seems to confirm that HR measured during soccer exercises effectively reflects the metabolic expenditure of this activity. Thus, with the aid of laboratory reference tests, the physiological demands of soccer activities can be correctly estimated from HR measured on the field in amateur soccer players.

The Gran Chaco is a wide ecologic-geographic region comprising northern Argentina, western Paraguay, southern Bolivia and the southwestern extreme of Brazil. This region exhibits extreme temperatures, annually regular frosts, and sedimentary soils; it has been dramatically threatened by agriculture expansion in recent decades. Therefore, increasing knowledge of plant diversity is critical for conservation purposes. We present a Legume checklist of the Gran Chaco ecoregion including conservation status of its endemic species. Leguminosae is the third most diverse plant family in the Neotropics. Assuming a rigorous spatial definition of the Gran Chaco, we recorded 98 genera, 362 species, and 404 specific and infraspecific taxa. Endemic/typical taxa were 17%, comparable to adjacent tropical plant formations, and they were found in higher percentages in Caesalpinioideae (24%) and Cercidoideae (33%) than Papilionoideae (11%) subfamily. We also analyzed the plant diversity comparing lineages and subregions. The Gran Chaco Legumes are predominantly widespread generalists, or they belong to either Chaco sensu stricto or Neotropical Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest (SDTF) lineages. Though the Humid Chaco registered the highest species richness, Dry Chaco and Sierra Chaco, the most threatrened subregions, exhibited the highest percentages of exclusive and proper Chaco-lineage species. These results suggest that diversification of Legumes has been most relevant in Dry Chaco and Sierra Chaco, probably by their more demanding and harsh environmental conditions limiting the dispersion of generalists or intrusive-invading species. This study is paramount to reach an improved delimitation of the Gran Chaco ecoregion in transitional areas with the SDTF and Cerrado formations. Conservation status is critical in genera of high economic interest, such as Arachis , Mimosa and Prosopis . At least one third of endemic taxa exhibit a critical status of conservation or are endangered, many of them being relevant to inbreeding program or exhibiting multiple economic uses.

The papilionoid genus Stylosanthes Sw. includes about 50 spp. distributed world wide in the tropics, approximately half of them grow in South America.The present study focuses on South American Stylosanthes. Based on examinations of herbarium specimens, as well as field observations, a total of 25 taxa (23 spp. and 2 varieties) are here described and identified with a key. Most of the species have been found to be more widely distributed than expected from the previous taxonomic literature, and the genus appears to be mainly concentrated in Brazil and Paraguay. Stylosanthes leiocarpa Vogel is new to the flora of Argentina and the presence of S. nervosa J. F. Macbr. is confirmed in Argentina. The nomenclature of S. guianensis (Aubl.) Sw. is analyzed. Clarifications are made about nine recently described Brazilian species. The names S. hispida Rich. and S. longiseta Micheli are resurrected. Lectotypes or neotypes for eight species and 18 new synonyms are proposed.

<div>Bolivia se destaca como probable lugar de origen del man&iacute; cultivado y un centro de variaci&oacute;n&nbsp;&uacute;nico en el mundo, lo que se&ntilde;ala a Bolivia como una importante fuente de materiales para el&nbsp;mejoramiento de este cultivo de importancia mundial. En este estudio para man&iacute; se diferencian&nbsp;para Bolivia 62 razas de man&iacute; cultivado de las cuales, 42 pertenecen a <em>Arachis hypogaea</em> L&nbsp;subsp. <em>hypogaea</em> var. <em>hypogaea</em>, 17 a<em> A. hypogaea</em> susbp. <em>fastigiata</em> Waldron var. <em>fastigiata</em>, 1&nbsp;a <em>A. hypogaea</em> susbp. <em>fastigiata</em> var. <em>vulgaris</em> y 2 a<em> A. hypogaea</em> subsp. <em>fastigiata</em> var. <em>peruviana</em>&nbsp;Krapov. &amp; W. C. Gregory. Bolivia constituye un centro de variaci&oacute;n independiente pues sus&nbsp;razas son exclusivas de su territorio, salvo muy pocas excepciones. Bolivia como unidad, se&nbsp;caracteriza por las razas "Crema", "Colorado San Sim&oacute;n", "Bayo americano", "Overo" y&nbsp;"Overo carenado", que se cultivan en todo el pa&iacute;s. Se pueden delimitar algunas regiones de&nbsp;mayor diversidad: la regi&oacute;n de los Yungas de La Paz, donde se coleccionaron 11 razas de las&nbsp;cuales 3 son exclusivas y la regi&oacute;n monta&ntilde;osa de Santa Cruz y Cochabamba, con 18 razas de&nbsp;las cuales 6 son exclusivas. Estas dos regiones pertenecen a la cuenca del Amazonas. Una</div><div>tercera regi&oacute;n se encuentra en el Departamento de Tarija, perteneciente a la cuenca del Plata,&nbsp;donde se coleccionaron 14 razas, de las cuales 2 son exclusivas. Todas estas razas pertenecen&nbsp;a la var. <em>hypogaea</em>. La subsp. <em>fastigiata</em>, presenta un centro de variaci&oacute;n muy notable en la&nbsp;cuenca del r&iacute;o Beni, donde en un &aacute;rea muy peque&ntilde;a se coleccionaron 10 razas, de las cuales&nbsp;9 son exclusivas. Se destaca Bolivia como un centro de variaci&oacute;n &uacute;nico en el mundo y la gran&nbsp;variabilidad del man&iacute; se&ntilde;ala a Bolivia como una importante fuente de posibilidades para el&nbsp;mejoramiento de este cultivo</div>