SARS-CoV-2 is a rapidly evolving pandemic causing great morbimortality. Medical therapy with hydroxicloroquine, azitromycin and protease inhibitors is being empirically used, with reported data of QTc interval prolongation. Our aim is to assess QT interval behaviour in a not critically ill and not monitored cohort of patients. We evaluated admitted and ambulatory patients with COVID-19 patients with 12 lead electrocardiogram at 48 h after treatment initiation. Other clinical and analytical variables were collected. Statistical analysis was performed to assess the magnitude of the QT interval prolongation under treatment and to identify clinical, analytical and electrocardiographic risk markers of QT prolongation independent predictors. We included 219 patients (mean age of 63.6 ± 17.4 years, 48.9% were women and 16.4% were outpatients. The median baseline QTc was 416 ms (IQR 404–433), and after treatment QTc was prolonged to 423 ms (405–438) (P < 0.001), with an average increase of 1.8%. Most of the patients presented a normal QTc under treatment, with only 31 cases (14.1%) showing a QTc interval > 460 ms, and just one case with QTc > 500 ms. Advanced age, longer QTc basal at the basal ECG and lower potassium levels were independent predictors of QTc interval prolongation. Ambulatory and not critically ill patients with COVID-19 treated with hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin and/or antiretrovirals develop a significant, but not relevant, QT interval prolongation.
Antecedentes y objetivos: La fibrilación auricular (FA) es frecuente en pacientes ingresados por COVID-19 grave. Sin embargo, los datos sobre el manejo de la anticoagulación crónica en estos pacientes son escasos. Analizamos la anticoagulación y la incidencia de eventos cardiovasculares mayores en pacientes con FA ingresados por COVID-19. Métodos: Retrospectivamente, se identificaron todos los pacientes con FA ingresados por COVID-19 entre marzo y mayo de 2020, en 9 hospitales españoles. Se seleccionó un grupo control de pacientes ingresados consecutivamente por COVID-19 sin FA. Se compararon las características basales, incidencia de hemorragias mayores, eventos trombóticos y mortalidad. Para reducir potenciales factores de confusión se realizó un emparejamiento por puntuación de propensión (EPP), así como un análisis multivariante para predecir hemorragia mayor y mortalidad. Resultados: Se incluyeron 305 pacientes con FA ingresados por COVID-19. Tras el EPP, 151 pacientes con FA fueron emparejados con 151 controles. Durante el ingreso, la heparina de bajo peso molecular fue el principal anticoagulante y la incidencia de hemorragia mayor y mortalidad fue mayor en el grupo de FA [16(10.6%) vs 3(2%), p=0.003; 52(34.4%) vs 35(23.2%), p=0.03, respectivamente]. El análisis multivariante demostró la presencia de FA como predictor independiente de sangrados y mortalidad intrahospitalaria en los pacientes con COVID-19. En el grupo de FA, un segundo análisis multivariante identificó valores elevados de dímero-D como predictor independiente de hemorragia mayor intrahospitalaria. Conclusiones: Los pacientes con FA ingresados por COVID-19 representan una población de alto riesgo de sangrado y mortalidad durante el ingreso. Parece recomendable individualizar la anticoagulación durante el ingreso, considerando el riesgo específico de sangrado y trombosis.
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