1.) Binocular summation of high spatial frequency contrast information, which may be less robust in the senescent visual system, did not appear to be related to interocular CS differences, 2.) SI discrimination of high contrast, well-separated targets appears to be unaffected by aging, and 3.) Binocular neural summation on SI discrimination may be more likely to be seen with targets that are narrowly separated or low in contrast.

Using a high-fidelity patient simulator, this study had nurses evaluate the advanced features of an intravenous (IV) infusion pump being considered for purchase by a large Canadian health region. Three use cases or scenarios were developed, based on known difficulties administering multiple drugs through separate IV lines and the potential for certain drugs (e.g., heparin) to contribute to adverse outcomes in patients if the drug dosage was incorrectly calculated. After an in-service training session with the pump, thirteen nurses performed the use cases on an Emergency Care Simulator, which displayed a range of vital signs. During the sessions, nurses were required to use a think-aloud protocol, verbalizing all steps they were performing. The most common problems found were with the “Change Mode”and the “Select New Patient”features. Use of the On/Off switch was identified as a common strategy to clear pump information and to escape incorrect navigation paths. The consequential contribution to patient safety of these problems ranged from non-hazardous to potentially very hazardous. A number of design recommendations were made to address problems that were identified with the pump's hardware and software configurations, as well as to any in-service provided to new pump users.

201 Background: Recent trials have shown that apalutamide and enzalutamide can improve metastasis free survival (MFS) in advanced non-metastatic (M0) castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). MFS is a novel clinical endpoint, demonstrated to be a strong predictor of overall survival (OS) for localized prostate cancer, yet it is unknown if this is also true for M0 CRPC. Our aim was to determine how strongly MFS in M0 CRPC correlates with OS in a real world population. Secondary analyses evaluated whether a rapid PSA-doubling time (PSADT), of ≤10 months, impacts outcomes. Methods: We performed an analysis of patients diagnosed with advanced prostate cancer, followed at the Tom Baker Cancer Centre, in Calgary, Alberta from 2001-2017. Patients were excluded if they did not develop M0 CRPC. MFS and OS were measured using the Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test was used to compare outcomes based on PSADT. Correlation between OS and MFS was determined using Pearson Correlation and Kendall’s Tau-B. Results: A total of 1310 patients were identified with advanced prostate cancer, of which 87 developed M0 CRPC. The median age of diagnosis of M0 CRPC was 72 years, with a median Gleason score of 7.0, initial PSA of 10.4, and PSADT of 5.1 months. Only 6 patients were treated with second-generation anti-androgens or chemotherapy. Median MFS and OS after M0 CRPC diagnosis were 44.1 and 83.7 months, respectively. Pearson Correlation between MFS and OS was strong with a coefficient of 0.850 (p < 0.001); with non-parametric Kendall’s Tau, correlation was also strong with a coefficient of 0.632 (p < 0.001). PSADT ≤10 months was identified in 70 patients, and associated with a significantly shorter MFS, compared to a PSADT > 10 months (40.2 vs. 90.4 months; p = 0.001), as well as shorter OS (76.2 vs. 104.3 months; p = 0.008). Conclusions: MFS for M0 CRPC is strongly correlated with OS in a real world population. PSADT of ≤10 months seems to be a useful prognostic tool in estimating MFS and OS in patients with M0 CRPC. MFS was better than expected even in patients with a PSADT of ≤10 months, which may due to our adherence to the biochemical definition of castration-resistant disease, as well as lack of standard imaging intervals in the real world.

Considerable research has focused on whether medical equipment can be made safer/more effective using user-centered design principles. Medication errors may result from improper operation, mechanical failure, and tampering. The present study evaluated the effectiveness and advantages of three intravenous infusion pumps. Five evaluators used heuristic evaluation to identify, categorize, and prioritize usability problems. Positive and negative features were classified according to usability and design principles. The most common negative feature was difficulty setting up an infusion. The most common positive feature was visual feedback regarding pump status. The methodology was effective at identifying a number of problems. Ongoing research involves testing domain-experts to validate the severity of the usability problems identified and discover other safety-relevant errors.

Background: Although recent trials have demonstrated overall survival (OS) and metastasis free survival (MFS) benefit with the use of ARPi in high-risk nmCRPC, individual treatment outcomes may vary. This retrospective multicentre analysis explores the association between genomic mutations with ARPi treatment outcomes in nmCRPC patients to identify predictive biomarkers.