10Developing mathematical models describing pipe (or duct) temperature is of great 11 importance, since pipes are unavoidable elements in most (hydraulic) heating systems, in 12 which some heat transfer fluid flows/circulates between neighbouring working components 13 (such systems are district, central or solar heating systems, etc.).
14In the present study, the Newton's law of cooling is completed with a recent explicit equation
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.