Cloud computing offers new opportunities to the scientific community through cloud-deployed software, data-sharing and collaboration tools, and the use of cloud-based computing infrastructure to support data processing and model simulations. This article provides a review of cloud terminology of possible interest to the meteorological community, and focuses specifically on the use of infrastructure as a service (IaaS) concepts to provide a platform for regional numerical weather prediction. Special emphasis is given to developing countries that may have limited access to traditional supercomputing facilities. Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) resources were used in an IaaS capacity to provide regional weather simulations with costs ranging from $40 to $75 per 48-h forecast, depending upon the configuration. Simulations provided a reasonable depiction of sensible weather elements and precipitation when compared against typical validation data available over Central America and the Caribbean.
Rapid evolution of the health care industry forces managers to make cost-effective decisions. Typical hospital cost accounting systems do not provide emergency department managers with the information needed, but emergency department settings are so complex and dynamic as to make the more accurate activity-based costing (ABC) system prohibitively expensive. Through judicious use of the available traditional cost accounting information and simple computer spreadsheets. managers may approximate the decision-guiding information that would result from the much more costly and time-consuming implementation of ABC.
W~hrend man in friiherer Zeit ohne weiteres eine Plethora der Schwangeren angenommen hatte, well man yon der Vorstellung ausging, dass das Blur derselben mehr Nahrungsstoffe enthalten miisse, ~ls dasjenige yon b~ichtschwangeren, stellten besonders Andral und Gavarret (1840), Regnault, Becquerel and Rodier (1846) lest, dass das Blut Schwangerer sich im Gegentheile durch verminderte Anzahl der rothen BlutkSrperchen und durch u der Fibrin-und Wassermenge auszeichne. Charakteristisch sei also fiir die Schwangerschaft eine chlorotische BeschJenheit des Blutes, und aus diesem Umstande heraus diirfe man die die Schwangerschaft so h~ufig begleitenden functionellen StSrungen erkl~ren und dementsprechend therapeutisch in Angriff nehmen. Auch Scanzoni sprach sich sehr entschieden dafiir aus, dass man eine chlorotische Beschaffenheit des Blutes Schwangerer als normal anzusehen habe. Ibm schliesst sich mit gewissen Abweichungen Kiwisch an. Um den bedeutenden Stoffverbrauch zu erkl~ren, clef dutch die Ern~Lhrung der Frucht, die vermehrte Absonderung der Brust-und Speicheldriisen, die oft starken Schweisse bedingt werde, nahm er eine yon ihm sogenannte ser5se Polyh[~mie der Sehwangeren an, so gewissermaassen zwischen den beiden sich gegeniiberstehenden Ansichten vermittelnd. Es folgten dann die experimentirenden Untersuehungen yon bIasse, Spiegelberg und Gscheidlen, yon Cohnstein, ferner die Arbeiten yon Ingerslev, weleher Z~hlungen yon
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