When NAFTA was implemented in 1994, there was a general expectation that it would hurt U.S. retailers along the U.S.-Mexico border. This paper asks whether there was a significant change in the pattern of retail trade in border MSAs in the years surrounding NAFTA's implementation. Data from MSAs in the four border states are analyzed. After controlling for other potential influences on retail trade, there remained a statistically significant change in the pattern of retail trade between 1992 and 1997. The changes cannot be unquestionably attributed to NAFTA but do suggest that NAFTA had a negative influence on retail sales on the U.S. side of the border. Copyright 2004 Gatton College of Business and Economics, University of Kentucky..
When the Aid to Families with Dependent Children program was created, participating states were made responsible for the administration of the program. States could choose between administering the program themselves or allowing local administration under state supervision. Initially, 32 of the 50 states (64%) opted for the state-supervised, locally-administered structure. By 1990, only 15 states (30%) were operating under state-supervised systems. Amid decades of talk about federal-to-state decentralization, seventeen states have chosen to centralize their welfare administration systems. This choice is an important one as there is substantial evidence indicating that administrative structure is an important determinant of program delivery costs and equity. This article uses a logit model to identify the characteristics that have influenced state choice of administrative model. The results suggest that decisions to centralize welfare administration have been systematic choices, driven by geographic, demographic, economic, and political considerations unique to each state. Copyright 2000 by The Policy Studies Organization.
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