Objectives To assess the prevalence of lower urinary status (as measured by the VAS) decreased as urinary symptom severity increased, and the greater the severtract symptoms (LUTS) in a community-based population in the UK, to measure the impact of these ity, the more men who reported a problem with mobility, self-care, usual activity, pain/discomfort, and symptoms on quality of life and health status in men with self-reported 'benign prostatic hyperplasia' anxiety/depression (the five domains of the EQ-5D).The possibility of symptoms worsening appeared to be ('BPH'), and to evaluate health-seeking behaviour in this population.the key determinant in the respondents' decisions to consult a medical professional for their LUTS. Less Subjects and methods A postal survey was distributed to an age-stratified random sample of 1500 men aged than 11% of the respondents were aware of the availability of specific prescription drug therapies or 50 years or older from throughout England, Scotland and Wales. The self-administered survey included:surgical options for the treatment of 'BPH'. The most common first treatment strategy for those consulting demographic questions; the EuroQoL (EQ-5D) instrument, consisting of a health-status index questionfor symptoms was watchful waiting (34%), followed by surgery (30%) and prescription drugs (21%). naire and a visual analogue scale (VAS) on which participants rated their current health status; the Conclusions Moderate-to-severe LUTS were relatively common in this UK population of men over the age International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) questionnaire; and a questionnaire assessing the participants' of 50, yet relatively few had been diagnosed with 'BPH'. As LUTS adversely aCect quality of life, health-seeking behaviour and awareness of BPH. Results Responses to the survey were received from improved treatment options and increased public awareness of BPH and LUTS are needed to combat a 1115 (74%) of the 1500 men. Overall, 41% (450/ 1088) had an IPSS of Á8, indicating moderate-toproblem facing the growing number of elderly men in the population. severe LUTS, yet only 196 men (18%) reported that they had been diagnosed with 'BPH'. Both quality of Keywords Benign prostatic hyperplasia, lower urinary tract symptoms, quality of life, prevalence, treatment life (as measured by the EQ-5D) and general health lence of BPH in the community is diBcult to determine,

No abstract

No abstract

1Tags are an important information source in Web 2.0. They can be used to describe users' topic preferences as well as the content of items to make personalized recommendations. However, since tags are arbitrary words given by users, they contain a lot of noise such as tag synonyms, semantic ambiguities and personal tags. Such noise brings difficulties to improve the accuracy of item recommendations. To eliminate the noise of tags, in this paper we propose to use the multiple relationships among users, items and tags to find the semantic meaning of each tag for each user individually. With the proposed approach, the relevant tags of each item and the tag preferences of each user are determined. In addition, the user and item-based collaborative filtering combined with the content filtering approach are explored. The effectiveness of the proposed approaches is demonstrated in the experiments conducted on real world datasets collected from Amazon.com and citeULike website.

No abstract