Antioxidants are compounds that have an important role in health because they can be used as anti-toxic molecules in the body which are the cause of various diseases. One of the plants that have antioxidant content is kratom (MitragynaspeciosaKorth). The purpose of this study was to determine the antioxidant activity of kratom leaf ethanol extract by using the DPPH trapping method. Exploration of kratom leaf samples was carried out by maceration using ethanol 96%, macerate was evaporated with a rotary evaporator, phytochemical screening of kratom leaf ethanol extract and antioxidant testing of DPPH as Free radical. Result of Simplisia Characterization of kratom leaves containing water, air soluble extract contents, ethanol-soluble extract levels, total ash content, and acid insoluble ash content sequentially as follows: 6.65; 18.01; 9.45; 7.14; and 1.06%. Phytochemical Screening results containing kratom leaf ethanol extract containing chemical composition: alkaloids, flavonoids, triterpenoids/steroids, saponins, and tannins. The results of antioxidant activity testing showed that ethanol extract had an IC50 value of 38.56 μg / ml. The results showed that the ethanol extract of kratom leaves had antioxidant activity in a very strong category.

Moringa leaf is a plant that has many uses that comes from the family Moringaceae and it is a tropical plant that is familiar to Indonesian people. Pharmacologically, this plant extract is reported to have antimicrobial and fungicide and it is rich in antioxidants. This metabolite compound contained in Moringa leaves has the potential as an antioxidant, antibacterial, functional and others. This study aims to determine the simplicia characterization of Moringa leaves and to determine the secondary metabolites contained in Moringa leaves, both Moringa leaf powder and Moringa leaf extract. The method of this research is experimental including the simplicia making and ethanol extract of Moringa leaves by maceration method, simplicia characterization and phytochemical screening. The results of the simplicia characterization of Moringa leaves for ethanol soluble extract content was 10,9% and water-soluble extract content was 15,8%, ash content was 9,6% and acid insoluble ash content was 0,6% and water content was 8%. The results of this study also showed that the simplicia powder and ethanol extract of Moringa leaves contained flavonoid, tannin, alkaloid, steroid and saponin.

Module is structured to provide teaching materials that are in accordance with curriculum set by considering needs of students in the learning process. This research is a type of Research and Development (R&D) research that aims to develop a discovery learning module on the reaction rate material. This research refers to the steps of Borg and Gall which are limited to five stages. First stage begins with data and information collection, discovery learning-based module development planning, initial product development, initial field trials, and revision of test results. Modules have been developed will be validated by media expert validators and material experts, each by three chemistry lecturers at the Unimed campus. Then the module was tested by looking the responses for 3 chemistry teachers and class XI students of SMA N 1 BangunPurba. The results showed that the discovery learning module on the reaction rate material was declared feasible after being validated by obtaining an average percentage of media experts 83.2%, average material experts 85.4%. And the module is declared interesting after obtaining a percentage with an average teacher response of 94.6% and student responses getting an average of 82%.Modul disusun untuk menyediakan bahan ajar yang sesuai dengan kurikulum yang ditetapkan dengan mempertimbangkan kebutuhan siswa dalam proses pembelajaran. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian Research and Development (R&D) yang bertujuan untuk mengembangkan modul berbasis discovery learning yang mengintegrasikan literasi sains pada materi laju reaksi. Penelitian ini mengacu pada langkah - langkah Borg and Gall yang dibatasi pada lima tahap. Tahap pertama dimulai dengan pengumpulan data dan informasi, perencanaan pengembangan modul berbasis discovery learning, pengembangan produk awal, uji coba lapangan awal, dan revisi hasil tes. Modul yang telah dikembangkan akan divalidasi oleh validator ahli media dan ahli materi, masing - masing oleh tiga orang dosen kimia Universitas Negeri Medan. Kemudian modul diuji dengan melihat respon menggunakan angket terhadap modul yang dikembangkan untuk 3 orang guru kimia dan siswa kelas XI SMA N 1 Bangun Purba yang berjumlah 36 siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran discovery learning berbasis modul literasi sains terpadu pada materi laju reaksi dinyatakan layak setelah divalidasi dengan memperoleh persentase rata - rata ahli media 83,2 %, rata - rata ahli materi 85,4 %. Dan modul dinyatakan menarik setelah mendapatkan persentase dengan rata - rata respon guru 94,6 % dan respon siswa mendapatkan rata - rata 82 %.

Diclofenac sodium is a Transfersom is a transdermal delivery system consisting of phospholipids and edge activators. Transfersom increases the size of the stratum corneum lipid barrier pores, then enters the skin through the drive of the trans-barrier motion and squeezes itself to follow the lipid barrier pore size. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of the tween-80 concentration as an edge activator on the characteristics and diffusion rate of diclofenac sodium transfersom. Transferom preparation used the vortex-sonication method which was made in five formulae with variations in the concentration ratio of phosphatidylcholine and tween-80 (95:05, 90:10, 85:15, 80:20, and 75:25). The results show that all five formulae have different morphological forms. The results of statistical tests using One-Way ANOVA finds a significant effect (p-value) of the edge activator concentration on the diffusion rate of diclofenac sodium transfersom.

Knowing about metal coating (electroplating) is the electrodeposition of coatings or coatings attached to the electrodes to protect the substrate by giving surface properties and dimensions different from the base metal or finishing technique, by coating metal that is easily corroded (corrosion) with metals that are resistant to corrosion with electrical and chemical engineering. Whereas in Indonesian society the technique for metal coating is very familiar with the name of the gilding technique. In ancient times before electroplating and gilding were discovered to avoid corrosion of metals, the incorporation of metals such as copper with tin into bronze, copper with zinc into brass in addition to being resistant to corrosion also added to the beauty of color. Among the alloys above bronze is the oldest alloys that have been used by humans. With the development of the times, more modern gilding techniques were found to be a more practical method, namely electroplating, gilding with electrical and chemical processes that make metals resistant to corrosion. Metal coating is a scientific field which is one of the applications of electro chemical technology. Very closely related to the material science and technology, surface chemistry, physical chemistry, to the engineering. Various metals can be plating. The various metals are classified into five groups: "tumbal" coatings, decorative-protective coatings, engineered metal coatings, rare-use metals, and various types of alloys. All of these have their own characteristics, both advantages and disadvantages.