Brucellosis is one of the most notorious zoonoses worldwide. The disease is common and endemic in humans and animals of Pakistan, but lack of awareness and lack of research have resulted in an increased incidence in the human population. The present study aimed to determine the seroprevalence and at molecular detection of brucellosis in patients with clinical symptoms in six different hospitals from Lahore, which is the capital city of Punjab province. A total of 218 blood samples were collected from hospitalized patients. The samples were initially screened by the Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT), and then quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was applied. An overall seroprevalence of 17% (37/218) was found. The highest prevalence was found at the Lady Health center (36.53%), which was followed by the Lady Willingdon Hospital (28.6%). Female patients showed a higher seroprevalence than males and peaked at 34% (n = 32) for women who suffered from abortion. In total, 16.8% of patients younger than 30 years showed seropositive reactions, while the prevalence was 19% in patients between 31 and 50. Thirty-three DNA samples from 24 seropositive and nine seronegative patients tested positive, 32 samples were found positive for B. abortus DNA, and one sample failed to be identified at the species level. Almost all positive cases had direct contact with animals and consumed unpasteurized dairy products. Research on human brucellosis is still scarce in Pakistan. For the diagnosis of brucellosis, serology and molecular tools should be combined if isolation by culture is not possible. Nationwide control activities and increasing awareness for zoonotic brucellosis are needed.

Agribusiness is the foundation of Pakistan's economy as it contributes 18.9 percentto the nation's GDP. Buffalo is a significant investor with a populace of 38.8 million heads. Theprofitable characteristics of Nili Ravi wild ox are inimitable with some other buffalo breeds on theplanet, while the conceptive qualities are still nadir. The most widely recognized regenerative issuesexperienced are postponed time of pubescence, helpless estrus articulation, low ripeness with AI,deferred baby blues anestrous, and irregularity. These attributes have made it amazingly hard toincrease quick hereditary advancement in this variety. Conceptive biotechnologies assume a key job inbreed improvement by bypassing these obstacles. For this study eighty animals were selected andslaughtered due to reproductive issues and reproductive tracts were collected from the slaughterhouseand observe the tract grossly (texture and shape, any exudate, ovarian structures). Then cut the uterinetissue sample with the size of 2 × 2 × 2cm was fixed in formalin 10% for histopathology. Afterprocessing microscopy was performed to find histopathologic changes (Endometrial epithelium,uterine gland, and inflammatory cells and caruncles status). The grading of animals is labeled asNormal (-), Mild (+), Moderate (++), and Severe (+++) on basis of the degree of infection. The whiteside test was negative for 40% of samples while 60% of animals are positive with different degrees ofaffection. Endometrial epithelium erosion is absent in 31.43% of animals while 68.67% of animalshave erosions. Atrophy of uterine glands was absent in 41.43% of animals while 58.67% of animalscontained atrophy of glands. 11.43% of animals were negative for inflammatory cells while 88.66% ofanimals were positive for inflammatory cells. 20% of animals had normal caruncles while 80% ofanimals had swelled caruncles. Discharge was collected for the white side test from the cervix. 62.86%of animals had serious discharge while 37.14% of animals had a purulent discharge. The color andtexture of the tract are divided into two categories pale and pale reddish with swelling. 54.74% had apale color while 45.26% had a pale and reddish with swelling. In conclusion, 60% of animals wereaffected by endometritis including mild, moderate, and severe. Histopathological parameters and thenature of exudate also showed a significant relationship with endometritis which was indicated by thewhite side test. The treatment of endometritis should be done after the white side test beforeinsemination. In this way, we can improve reproductive performance and conception rate. Furtherstudies are warranted to perform the culture sensitivity test and treat the animals with intra-uterine andsystemic antibiotic therapy.