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stator that coiiduLtts protong and the C nng vvhich tunLtions ag the rotor The mechanism oi Lnerg} coupling between proton influx and torquc generation remains unknoivn To understand the energ} couplmg meLhanism thL proten mtlux couplcd "ith flageTTar motor iotation should be mcasured wlth high spdtial dnd temporal rcsotutJon We hai L deieleped an intraLelluldr pH imaging system that can measure local pH near the motor usmg a pH sengitiie green fluoresLent protein pHluorm as iratiometmL fiuorescent probe (MiesenboLk et al l998) This gystem can niedsure the intraLL]luTdr pH distnbution tt a pH resoTutTon ot O 02 at eNery 3 ms We Larmed out single cel] pH imagmg upon shifung external pH fiom 7 e te 6 O m thL pregenLe of a membrane permeant-cak aLid benzoaLL and ebserved an mtraLelluldir pH shift fiom 73 to 6O withm 3 sLc We then meisuted mtracLllu]tr pH and flagLllar moter rotation simultaneousl} Upon a downwird pH shift the directaon ef motor rotatio" switched irom counterLlovkvvise to cloLkwise " tthm IO mg We aJso fused pHIuorin to flngL]lar motoi pretems to mcagure the pH in the Lytoplasm areund the motei Simultaneous measurements e"ocal pH and motor iotataon are undcT wa} 3P124 eEManV6-K->ffinOofza{k Visuahzation of sLli regulated krnesm TnotTTTty Atsuke I-ane {D Temonebu "'dtandbc C2) loshio Yandts]dd {3) {Cl) Lahorarottes lm Vanoblotog) Gradt{atL Schoot ol Fronno Biosciences Osaktt Unrversm r2) IVPI immL{n Frontt Res CentLr Osaka Littverstti r3)iaboratoitesforAanobioioRy aradttatf Schooiof J'ronleerBios"Ln"s Ovaka UntTersiA UU'hmntun Irontt R" Center Osaka bniTcrsay)

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